84 results about "Lithium perchlorate trihydrate" patented technology

The invention discloses an all-solid polymer electrolyte, and a preparation method and an application of the all-solid polymer electrolyte, and belongs to the field of lithium ion batteries. The all-solid polymer electrolyte comprises polyethylene oxide, lithium salt, inorganic nano particles and ion liquid, wherein a mass ratio of the lithium salt to polyethylene oxide is 0.1-0.5; the mass sum of the inorganic nano particles and the ion liquid is 10-30% of the mass of the all-solid polymer electrolyte; the lithium salt comprises one or several of bistrifluoromethane sulfonimide lithium salt, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate and lithium bis borate; and the inorganic nano particles comprise one or several of nano aluminum oxide, nano silicon oxide, nano zirconium oxide and nano barium titanate. The all-solid polymer electrolyte has better mechanical strength and higher ion conductivity. The method is simple in technology and low in cost; and raw materials are easy to obtain.

The invention relates to a method for preparing ionic liquid type gel polymer electrolyte through home position polymerization. The method comprises the following steps: taking acrylonitrile and polyethylene glycol dimethyl acrylic acid ester as monomers, taking ethylene carbonate as an organic plasticizer, taking azo diisobutyl cyanogen as an initiator, taking lithium perchlorate as a lithium salt, adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoborate as the component of the electrolyte, and adopting a free radical initiation and home polymerization mode to prepare the stable ionic liquid type gel polymer electrolyte. The home polymerization mode has a simple and feasible process, and is capable of directly assembling a lithium cell while simultaneously preparing the electrolyte. The prepared ionic liquid type gel polymer electrolyte has higher room temperature conductivity, good dimensional stability and mechanic properties, and can also be applied to dye sensitization solar cells. The prepared ionic liquid type gel polymer electrolyte cell can avoid the leakage and volatilization of the electrolyte and improve the safety of the cell.

A secondary battery which can achieve battery performance satisfactorily in a low temperature environment in cold climates or the like is provided. Further, a secondary battery having high capacity even in a low temperature environment in cold climates or the like is provided. A secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte solution which contains a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer contains graphene, a binder, and a negative electrode active material containing a particulate alloy-based material. The nonaqueous solvent contains propylene carbonate and the electrolyte contains lithium perchlorate.

An electrolyte for rechargeable batteries with a negative electrode of lithium or lithium containing alloys comprising: one or several non-aqueous organic solvents, one or several lithium salts and one or several additives increasing the cycle life of the lithium electrode. The electrolyte solution may comprise one or several solvents selected from the group comprising: tetrahydrofurane, 2-methyltetrahydrofurane, dimethylcarbonate, diethylcarbonate, ethylmethylcarbonate, methylpropylcarbonate, methylpropylpropyonate, ethylpropylpropyonate, methylacetate, ethylacetate, propylacetate, dimetoxyethane, 1,3-dioxalane, diglyme (2-methoxyethil ether), tetraglyme, ethylenecarbonate, propylencarbonate, γ-butyrolactone, and sulfolane. The electrolyte solution may further comprise at least one salt or several salts selected from the group consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF6), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium sulfonylimid trifluoromethane (LiN(CF3SO2)2)) and lithium trifluorosulfonate (CF3SO3Li) or other lithium salts or salts of another alkali metal or a mixture thereof. Also disclosed is an electrochemical cell or battery with an anode of metallic lithium or a lithium-containing alloy, and such an electrolyte.

The invention provides an electrolyte and a secondary lithium battery and an electrochemical capacitor containing the electrolyte. The electrolyte contains a lithium salt and an organic solvent, wherein the lithium salt comprises fluorine lithium sulfimide and lithium perchlorate. The electrolyte containing the fluorine lithium sulfimide and the lithium perchlorate, provided by the invention, has excellent performances, such as high conductivity, high ionic migration number, low viscosity, and the like. Because the lithium perchlorate in the electrolyte can be used for effectively reducing or eliminating the corrosion of fluorine lithium sulfimide above 4V to a current collector aluminum foil, the electrolyte provided by the invention is superior to the commercial electrolyte system in various aspects by preferably matching with a series of functional additives.

The present invention provides an electrolyte for electrochromic devices, the substance comprising γ-butyrolactone (gamma-butyrolactone or GBL). The electrolyte may include polymethylmethacrylate. The electrolyte may further include a salt, such as a salt that includes lithium perchlorate or trifluorosulfonimide. In accordance with further aspects to the invention, the electrolyte may include propylene carbonate.

The invention relates to a one-step initiating polymerization method for preparing nano silica / polymethyl methacrylate gel polymer electrolyte, which is characterized in that: methyl methacrylate used as monomer and the nano silica used as modified particles are mixed directly with prepared lithium perchlorate / propylene carbonate (1mol / l of electrolyte solution used as solvent). The mixed solution is polymerized in water bath heating to 80 DEG C for 2.5 hours, and then reacted gel solution can form the gel electrolyte film after being poured onto a glass board and extending to become film with being dried for 8 hours in the temperature of 60 DEG C. The benefit effects of he invention are that the process of the method is simple and available; the gel solution can be prepared directly with the electrolyte solution being used as the solvent which can take away a large amount of polymerization heat generated by free radical polymerization; the prepared gel polymer electrolyte has satisfied ionic conductivity, and good space size stability and chemical and electro chemical stability.

The invention relates to electrolyte, belonging to the technical field of material chemistry and high energy batteries. The electrolyte consists of an organic solvent, an additive and lithium salt, wherein the organic solvent is one or a mixture of ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl-carbonate or diethyl carbonate; the additive is sulfurous ester; and the lithium salt is selected from lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, perfluoroalkyl lithium sulfonate, perfluoroalkyl sulfoacid imide lithium, annular perfluoroalkyl di(sulfonyl)lithium imide, perfluoroalkyl acyl sulfonate lithium methide, organic boric acid ester lithium, organic lithium phosphate or organic aluminic acid ester lithium. Due to the adoption of the electrolyte, a layer of stable solid electrolyte phase boundary face film can be formed on the surface of a graphite electrode, the compatibility between the electrolyte and an electrode material is improved, the temperature suitability of the electrolyte material is expanded through proportion optimization, and the cycle performance, rate capability and temperature suitability of a lithium secondary battery using the electrolyte can be effectively improved.

The invention discloses an electrochromic material which is a porous film compounded through nickel oxide and 3, 4-ethylene dioxygen thiofuran, wherein the composite film has a random porous structure; the range of aperture is between 10 and 250 nm; and the thickness of the film is between 200 and 500 nm. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 3, 4- ethylene dioxygen thiofuran is used as a monomer; the porous nickel oxide is used as a conductive template; lithium perchlorate is added into an acetonitrile solution and is used as a supporting electrolyte to prepare the nickel oxide / poly3, 4-ethylene dioxygen thiofuran composite porous electrochromic film through an electrochemical cyclic voltammetry sedimentation method. The prepared electrochromic material has good mechanical performance and electrochromic performance, shows multiple electrochromism and rapid discoloring effect, can be assembled to a transmission-type or reflection-type full solid electrochromic device, and has wide application prospect in information storage recording, architectural glass smart window, large screen display, infrared stealth and other fields.

The invention discloses an inorganic / organic nanometer composite solid electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the inorganic / organic nanometer composite material and the preparation process field. The solid electrolyte is composed by polyethylene oxides PEO, lithium perchlorates LiClO4 and hydrotalcite nanometer sheets LDHNS, has a chemical formula of PEO / LiClO4 / LDHNS, the mass parts of each component are 54-91%, 8-16% and 1-30% respectively. The preparation method of the composite solid electrolyte comprises: mixing PEO, LiClO4 and LDHNS in water equably and sufficiently, and then vaporizing the solvent to obtain the composite solid electrolyte of the invention. The inorganic / organic nanometer composite solid electrolyte according to the invention has high conductivity, high lithium ion transference number and heat stability, the electrolyte can be used as the electrolyte of a solid lithium ion battery.

The invention discloses a method for preparing polymer solid electrolyte, which adopts mixed epoxy resin and nitrile rubber as a substrate of the solid electrolyte, dissolves the substrate and lithium perchlorate in tetrahydrofuran, and prepares the composite polymer solid electrolyte by a solution casting method. The method is simple to operate and easy to form a film, and the prepared polymer solid electrolyte can overcome the defects of difficult forming of gel type polymer electrolyte, complex film-making process of polymer / ionic liquid electrolyte, etc., and simultaneously can solve the safety problems of easy volatilization and easy leakage of electrolyte of a liquid lithium ion battery. The electrical conductivity of the prepared polymer solid electrolyte can reach 1.81*10<-4> S.cm<-1> at a temperature of 20 DEG C, improves by 3 to 4 times compared with pure nitrile rubber / lithium perchlorate polymer electrolyte, and is in the same level with the electrical conductivity of polymer electrolyte which is reported in literature and prepared by compositing the nitrile rubber and an ionic liquid. The prepared polymer solid electrolyte has stable performance at a temperature of less than 200 DEG C, and can meet the use requirement on the lithium ion battery.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing perfluoroalkyl sulfimide alkali metal salt (M[Rf1SO2NSO2Rf2]) which is abbreviated to M[PFSI], wherein Rf1 and Rf2=CmF2m+1, m=1-8, M=Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. The method utilizes potassium (rubidium and cesium) salt of perfluoroalkyl sulfamide and perfluoroalkyl sulfonyl fluoride for reaction in the existence of potassium carbonate (rubidium and cesium), so that the potassium (rubidium and cesium) salt of the perfluoroalkyl sulfimide can be conveniently prepared with high yield which is 70-90%; the high-purity corresponding lithium (or sodium) salt (M[PFSI], M=Li and Na) can be obtained through double decomposition exchange reaction of the potassium (rubidium and cesium) salt and lithium perchlorate (or sodium) in aprotic polar solvent (such as acetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate, nitromethane and the like); and the hydrophobic functionalized ionic liquid composed of cations of sulfonium, ammonium or phosphorus with the [PFSI] through reaction of the prepared alkali metal salt and the sulfonium salt, ammonium salt or phosphorus salt of which the side chain contains functionalized functional groups.

The invention relates to a grafting type comb polymer solid electrolyte material and a preparation method thereof. The raw material comprises epoxidized natural rubber, methoxy polyethylene glycol carboxylic acid and lithium perchlorate, a flexible segment is introduced in the epoxidized natural rubber through a grafting reaction, the graft methoxy polyethylene glycol carboxylic acid provides the high segment motion ability and the ability of interaction with lithium salt, and ether oxygen atoms on the graft act with lithium perchlorate to dissociate the lithium perchlorate into lithium ions and form a coordinated complex. Compared with the prior art, no other plasticizer or active agent or vulcanization accelerator or rubber chemical is introduced, no small molecule product residue exists in the prepared material, and the electrochemical stability and ionic conductivity of the electrolyte can be improved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing bi-(sulfonyl fluoride) imine and (fluorinated alkyl sulfonyl fluorine sulfonyl) imine alkali metal salt. The method comprises the following steps of: reacting sulfamide and thionyl chloride and chlorosulfonic acid to prepare bi-(sulfonyl chlorine) imine and (fluorinated alkyl sulfonyl chlorine sulfonyl) imine, reacting with antimony trifluoride and potassium carbonate (rubidium or caesium) to obtain corresponding high-purity bi-(sulfonyl fluoride) imine potassium (rubidium or caesium) salt or (fluorinated alkyl sulfonyl fluorine sulfonyl) imine potassium (rubidium or caesium) salt, performing double decomposition exchange reaction using the potassium (rubidium or caesium) salt with the lithium perchlorate (or sodium) or lithium tetrafluoroborate (or sodium) in the aprotic polar solvent to obtain corresponding lithium (or sodium) salt with high purity. The method in the invention has the characteristics of simple operating steps, easy separation and extraction of output, high purity and yield, no environmental pollution, and the like, and is suitable for mass industrial production.

The invention belongs to the field of electrochemical biological fuel cells, and discloses a graphene-based enzyme-modified anode of a biological fuel cell and a preparation and an application. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out a surface pretreatment on a base electrode; putting the pretreated base electrode into a graphene solution, and carrying out an electrochemical polymerization by a cyclic voltammetry scan method to obtain a GN-modified electrode; putting the GN-modified electrode into a water solution containing pyrrole, lithium perchlorate and sodium bicarbonate, carrying out the electrochemical polymerization by a potentiostatic method and modifying a layer of polypyrrole; dropwise adding a composite enzyme solution containing chitosan, ethanol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase to the surface of the electrode, and airing the electrode to obtain the modified electrode with an enzyme layer; and soaking and crosslinking the electrode in a glutaraldehyde solution, so as to obtain the graphene-based enzyme-modified anode of the biological fuel cell. The electrode disclosed by the invention is low in cost, good in catalytic performance and wide in applicable substrate range, and has a good application prospect.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing a perfluor alkyl sulfonyl imine metal salt (M[Rf<1>SO2NSO2Rf<2>], or M [PFSI] for short, wherein Rf<1> and Rf<2> represent CmF(2m+1), m is 1 to 8, and M represents Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs). According to the method, a perfluor alkyl sulfonamide potassium (rubidium or cesium) salt and perfluor alkyl sulfonyl fluorine react with the existence of potassium (rubidium or cesium) carbonate, so that a perfluor alkyl sulfonyl imine potassium (rubidium or cesium) salt can be prepared conveniently at the high yield of 70-90%; and the perfluor alkyl sulfonyl imine potassium (rubidium or cesium) salt, lithium (or sodium) perchlorate and the like are subjected to double decomposition exchange reaction in an aprotic polar solvent (such as acetonitrile, dimethyl carbonate and nitromethane), so as to obtain the corresponding high-purity lithium (or sodium) salt (M [PFSI], wherein M represents Li or Na). The prepared alkali metal salt reacts with a sulfonium, ammonium or phosphonium salt with side chains containing functional radicals so as to obtain hydrophobic functional ionic liquid composed of sulfonium, ammonium or phosphonium positive ions and [PFSI]<->.

The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer synthesis and discloses a polyp-styrene sulfonyl(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)lithium imide-polyvinylidene carbonate copolymer and application thereof. The copolymer is synthesized by the following steps: adding a p-styrene sulfonyl(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)lithium imide monomer, a vinylidene carbonate monomer and a catalyst into a solvent I andperforming polymerization reaction at 70 to 100 DEG C, wherein the p-styrene sulfonyl(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)lithium imide monomer is prepared by the steps of performing reaction on sodium p-styrenesulfonate and sulfoxide chloride in a solvent at -10 to 25 DEG C, adding an acid-binding agent, an activating agent and trifluoromethyl sulfonamide and performing reaction at -10 to 25 DEG C; addingpotassium carbonate and performing reaction at 25 to 70 DEG C; and adding lithium perchlorate and performing reaction at 25 to 60 DEG C. The copolymer provided by the invention has high lithium ion migration number and room-temperature conductivity, is simple in preparation method, can realize large-scale production and can serve as lithium ion battery electrolyte.

The invention discloses a process for manufacturing a lithium sulfur battery. The process comprises the following steps: adding polyacrylonitrile resin micro powder and diatomite into a high-speed mixing stirrer according to a mass ratio of 36-39 to 64-61, adding an NMP solvent which accounts for 6-24 weight percent of the diatomite to serve as a raw material, performing pretreatment, and performing repeated dipping and high-temperature evaporation in an NMP solution of lithium salt (namely a 6-9 weight percent of NMP solution containing lithium polysulfide, lithium methylaminobutyrate, lithium perchlorate and lithium phosphate), thereby preparing a positive material; preparing all-solid-state electrolyte of the lithium sulfur battery from lithium methylaminobutyrate, lithium perchlorate and lithium phosphate; and adsorbing molten metal lithium through pores of carbon-containing diatomite at 630-660 DEG C when metal lithium and the formed carbon-containing diatomite electrode are in a vacuum electric heating furnace, thereby finishing preparation of a negative material. The all-solid-state electrolyte of the lithium sulfur battery prepared by the process has high sulfur containing capacity, high ion transport capacity and high conductive performance, and the high rate performance and high cycle performance of the lithium sulfur battery can be improved.

The present disclosure relates to relates to heat-resistant gel electrolyte materials and their uses, for example, in electrochromic devices such as electrochromic windows. In certain embodiments, the disclosure provides an electrolyte material including a polymer of ethyleneimine, optionally at least partially crosslinked (e.g., with an epoxide crosslinker such as the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A); a lithium salt (e.g., lithium perchlorate); and a high-boiling solvent (e.g., DMSO). The electrolyte materials can be used in electrochromic devices, such as electrochromic windows, e.g., for use as automobile sunroofs.

A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator comprising: - a charge housing; - a carbon dioxide gas penetrable charge, contained in the said housing, the charge comprising a) 40-60 wt. % of a substance which upon decomposition generates carbon dioxide, which substance is selected from the group of magnesium carbonate, other carbonates, magnesium oxalate and other oxalates, b) 20-50 wt. % of an oxidiser selected from the group of sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, lithium chlorate, other metal chlorates, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, and other metal perchlorates, c) 1-20 wt. % of carbon or another fuel, d) 1-10 wt. % binder, said components a), b), c) and d) together forming 90-100 wt. % of the total weight of the charge; - an ignition device for igniting the charge; - a carbon dioxide gas treatment unit for reducing the content of one or more side-products - which may have been formed by the charge - in the generated carbon dioxide, and / or for cooling carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge; and - an outlet for carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge.

The invention discloses a poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene nano mesh structure film as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene is of a nano mesh structure. The poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene film is specifically prepared by the following steps: by taking 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene as a monomer in a three-electrode cell system, taking lithium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte, and taking acetonitrile as an electrolytic solvent, uniformly mixing to obtain electrolyte; and by taking an indium tin oxide conductive glass electrode as a working electrode, taking a platinum electrode as an auxiliary electrode, and taking a silver / silver chloride electrode as a reference electrode, carrying out an electrochemical polymerization reaction at aroom temperature by adopting cyclic voltammetry or a potentiostatic method, thereby obtaining a polymer film deposited on the working electrode, eluting, and drying, thereby obtaining the poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. The conductive polymer film prepared by the method disclosed by the invention has a special nano mesh structure. Compared with an ordinary plane structure, the conductive polymerfilm has excellent electrochromic property.

The invention discloses a poly-3-methyl thiophene-N-doped graphene (P3MT / N-GE) modified glassy carbon electrode and application of the P3MT / N-GE modified glassy carbon electrode to detecting a pesticide phoxim. The P3MT / N-GE modified glassy carbon electrode disclosed by the invention is obtained by the following steps: ultrasonically dispersing N-doped graphene in an N,N-dimethylformamide solution; then dripping a dispersion solution on a glassy carbon electrode; evaporating a solvent to obtain an N-doped graphene modified electrode constructed by a sensitive film and the glassy carbon electrode; preparing the poly-3-methyl thiophene-N-doped graphene (P3MT / N-GE) modified glassy carbon electrode in an acetonitrile solution containing a 3-methyl thiophene-graphene monomer and lithium perchlorate by electrochemical polymerization. The modified carbon electrode is simple in preparation operation, environment-friendly, and low in cost; the modified carbon electrode can be used for detecting the pesticide phoxim and has the characteristics of high sensitivity, wide linear range, good repeatability, high stability and the like; the lowest detection limit reaches 0.002 micromole / liter.

The invention discloses a preparation method for a PVDF porous nanofiber membrane. The preparation method comprises the steps that (1) alkyl alcohol amine poly oxygen ethane ether, lithium perchlorate, acetone, lithium metaborate, tetramethylurea, lithium oxalate, single-walled carbon nanotubes, lithium lactate, lithium citrate, polyvinylidene fluoride, vinyl trimethoxy silane, lithium phosphate, methyl ethyl acetone, lithium carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, dilithium silicate, hexafluoroisopropanol, tetrahydrofuran and lithium chloride are added into a water solution, heated and stirred to be dissolved, and cooled to the room temperature; (2) then, polyvinylpyrrolidone is added and stirred to be dissolved to obtain a spinning solution; (3) electrostatic spinning is carried out on the obtained spinning solution; (4) a copper net is used as a receiver to obtain the fiber membrane, and the obtained fiber membrane is impregnated with ethyl alcohol for 3h. The PVDF porous nanofiber membrane prepared through the method has the corrosive resistance to solutions, the good membrane-forming performance and the good interfacial compatibility.

The invention relates to a method for preparing zirconium-containing polysilane, which is synthesized by the steps of adopting the electrochemical synthesis method, taking magnesium blocks as negative and positive poles, and polymerizing methyl trichlorosilane, allyl chloride, cyclopentadiene and zirconium chloride in tetrahydrofuran solution and electrolyte supported by lithium perchlorate to obtain the polysilane containing double bonds and zirconium. Results show that the polysilane prepared by the method in the invention has high quality retention rate and ceramic yield. The invention has simple and safe operation method; and the zirconium-containing polysilane can improve the ceramic yield of precursors favorably, successfully introduce the antioxidant metal zirconium, and is a ceramic precursor with good performance.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a composite solid electrolyte based on a polyphosphazenes micron-sphere, belonging to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. The method comprises the following steps of: preparing acetonitrile solution of the polyphosphazenes micron-sphere; and adding polyoxyethylene and lithium perchlorate and pouring the mixture to a polytetrafluoroethylene template to prepare the composite solid electrolyte. The polyphosphazenes micron-sphere prepared by the invention has uniform arrangement of the diameters, favorable dispersion degrees as well as smooth and uniform surfaces of the film, which proves that organic / inorganic hybrid polyphosphazenes micron-sphere and a PEO polymer electrolyte matrix have favorable compatibility and indicates that the composite polymer electrolyte has high room-temperature conductivity, a high electrochemical stable window and high lithium ion transference number. The composite solid electrolyte can be used as a lithium ion battery solid electrolyte material.

The invention discloses an electrochemical synthesis method of 1,1'-diindolylmethane derivatives. According to the method, indole derivatives, tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran derivatives are used as raw materials for synthetizing the 1,1'-diindolylmethane derivatives under the electrochemical condition. The method specifically comprises the following steps that the indole derivatives are taken and added into a mixed solvent of the tetrahydrofuran or tetrahydrofuran derivatives with acetonitrile, and a catalytic amount of lanthanum chloride and electrolyte lithium perchlorate are added; a platinum electrode is inserted into reaction liquid, stirring is conducted at the room temperature, and a reaction is carried out through electrification until the complete reaction is conducted; and the reaction liquid is extracted, concentrated and separated, and the 1,1'-diindolylmethane derivatives is obtained. Electricity is used for catalysis, expensive metal catalyzers and other oxidizing agents are not needed, stoichiometric lewis acid, protonic acid and heating are not needed either, reaction can be carried out mildly at the room temperature, the selectivity is good, the yield is high, and the whole process is simple and feasible; and the method is environmentally friendly and conforms to the idea of green chemistry.

The present invention provides an electrolyte for electrochromic devices, the substance comprising γ-butyrolactone (gamma-butyrolactone or GBL). The electrolyte may include polymethylmethacrylate. The electrolyte may further include a salt, such as a salt that includes lithium perchlorate or trifluorosulfonimide. In accordance with further aspects to the invention, the electrolyte may include propylene carbonate.

The invention discloses a preparation method of bacterial cellulose gel polymer electrolyte of a lithium battery and belongs to the technical field of preparation of polymer electrolyte. The preparation method comprises the following steps: after cooking watermelon peels, stirring and mixing the watermelon peels with anhydrous calcium chloride and the like; commonly carrying out fermentation by utilizing yeast and microorganisms in biogas liquid; taking a bacterial cellulose membrane on the surface of fermented liquid; washing, carrying out alkali leaching and water-bath heat preservation, and filtering to obtain a membrane; carrying out water-bath treatment, freezing and secondary unfreezing on the membrane; then mixing the membrane with polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether and lithium perchlorate; and under a vacuum condition, impregnating to obtain the bacterial cellulose gel polymer electrolyte of the lithium battery. The preparation method is simple in preparation steps; the gel polymer electrolyte is prepared by sufficiently utilizing bacterial cellulose; and a plasticizer does not need to be added and the pertinence is strong; and the problems that the ion conductivity is low and the mechanical performance is poor are effectively solved.

The invention provides a carbon nanotube composite material prepared from a branching macromolecule modified carbon nanotube with an amphiphilic photoelectric activity function and a preparation method of an electrochemical sensor with the carbon nanotube composite material, and belongs to the field of macromolecule self-assembling and composite material electrochemical sensors. The carbon nanotube composite material electrochemical sensor is prepared by the following steps: (1) firstly, synthesizing a macromolecule with an amphiphilic photoelectric activity branching function; (2) modifying a carbon nanotube with the synthesized functional macromolecule to prepare the water dispersible carbon nanotube composite material; (3) dropwise adding carbon nanotube composite material dispersion liquid onto a clean electrode surface and crosslinking under UV irradiation to form a membrane; and (4) inserting a modified electrode into a lithium perchlorate / acetonitrile solution for electric polymerization to prepare the carbon nanotube composite material electrochemical sensor. The method has energy-saving and environment-friendly effects by using water as a solvent. Besides, the prepared nano composite material sensor is good in stability and high in sensitivity, and the service life of the nano composite material sensor is prolonged.

A low-solids gas generating composition, which is a mixture of a fuel selected for the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose acetate, hexamine, and mixtures thereof, and an oxidizer selected from the group consisting of ceric ammonium nitrate, lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, phase stabilized ammonium nitrate, a combination of ammonium nitrate with potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, or mixtures thereof, such that the combination is a solid solution, a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and at least one alkali metal salt, and mixtures thereof. The combination of ammonium nitrate with other salts in solid solution is intended to phase stabilize the ammonium nitrate. The oxidizer-fuel mixture is within about 4 percent of stoichiometric balance. Useful alkali metal salts include lithium carbonate, lithium nitrate, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and mixtures thereof. The preferred oxidizers for the gas generating composition of the invention are ceric ammonium nitrate, lithium nitrate, lithium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, a mixture of ammonium perchlorate and at least one alkali metal salt, and mixtures thereof. In addition, the gas generating composition may include an energizing agent, such as RDX or HMX. The gas generating composition of the invention may further comprise sub-micron fumed silica to reduce moisture contamination and serve as a processing and powder flow aid and / or a binder, and may be in the form of pressed pellets, grains, or granules.