The invention provides a method for degradation of a composite material by directional bond breaking and recovery of fibers from the composite material. The method comprises the following steps that (1) the composite material is cut into composite material blocks with the target size for standby application; (2) the composite material blocks, solvents, metal salts, ligands, pH regulators and oxidants are mixed evenly, and then heated, the composite material blocks are naturally cooled to the room temperature after being completely degraded, and then high-speed centrifugal separation is conducted to obtain crude fiber products; and (3) the crude fiber products are washed and dried, and finally fiber fine products are obtained. According to the method, through the hot solvent effect, unsaturated complexation and weak complexation, the solvents, the metal salts, the ligands, the pH regulators, the oxidants and the composite material are mixed, and then heated, directional bond breaking degradation of resin is achieved, finally the fibers with little surface resin residue, basically no defect and the fiber strength retention rate up to 97.1% are obtained, and the degradation rate of the resin is as high as 100%.