The invention relates to a vector light field regulation and control optical fiber based on a nanometer grating array. In the optical fiber, a femtosecond laser direct writing technology is used to implant the nanometer grating array in an internal portion; and through specific array configuration, unique corresponding vector mode of light is selected to pass through. If grating surface distribution of the nanometer grating array is a radiation type, a radial polarization vector light field can be correspondingly regulated, controlled and output, which is a TM01 model. If grating surface distribution of the nanometer grating array is an annular type, an angular polarization vector light field can be correspondingly regulated, controlled and output, which is a TE01 model. If grating surfacedistribution of the nanometer grating array is a staggered type, a mixed polarization vector light field can be correspondingly regulated, controlled and output, which is an HE21<o/e> model. And then, vector light field regulation and control in a broadband range can be realized. The structure of the vector light field regulation and control optical fiber is simple, one-time molding is realized,stability is high, and a wide application prospect is possessed in important fields of optical fiber communication, an optical integration, material processing, optical tweezers and the like.