The present invention relates to a compound calcium borate, a calcium borate optical crystal, a preparation method of the calcium borate optical crystal, and uses of the calcium borate optical crystal. According to the present invention, the chemical formula of the compound is Ca2B2O5, the molecular weight is 181.78, the space group is P2[1]/c, the crystal cell parameters comprise that a is 3.5582(5)angstrom, b is 6.3503(8)angstrom, c is 19.299(3)angstrom, beta is 92.386 DEG, V is 435.70(10)angstrom<3>, and Z is 4, and the solid state reaction method is used to synthesize; the chemical formula of the calcium borate optical crystal is Ca2B2O5, the calcium borate optical crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, the space group is P2[1]/c, the crystal cell parameters comprise that a is 3.5582 (5)angstrom, b is 6.3503(8)angstrom, c is 19.299(3)angstrom, beta is 92.386 DEG, V is 435.70(10)angstrom<3>, and Z is 4; the transmission range of the calcium borate optical crystal is 180-3000 nm, the birefringence is moderate, and the crystal has characteristics of easy cutting, polishing and preserve, stability in air, deliquescence resistance, and insolubility in water; and the calcium borate optical crystal can be used for producing polarizing prisms, phase delay devices, electro-optical modulators or beam splitting polarizers and other devices, wherein the devices utilize the refractive index characteristic of the crystal, and the important applications are provided in the fields of optics and communication.