The invention discloses a soil improvement synergistic compound fertilizer suitable for cherry planting, and belongs to the technical field of cherry planting. The soil improvement synergistic compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of poultry manure, 60-80 parts of straw, 30-50 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of urea, 2-5 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-4 parts of zinc sulfate, 2-3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1-3 parts of borax, 3-6 parts of amino acid chelated manganese, 0.5-2 parts of fulvic acid, 0.5-2 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.5-2 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.5-2 parts of alpha-sodium naphthalene acetate and 3-8 parts of a biological bacterial agent. According to the invention, the soil improvement synergistic compound fertilizer is used for topdressing after cherry planting; and through mutual cooperation of the components, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is high, mutual promotion is achieved, absorption of nutrient substances by cherries is facilitated, the growth rate of the cherries is increased, the number of pathogenic fungi around roots and leaves of the cherries is reduced, and the living environment of the cherries is improved, so that the yield of the cherries can be effectively increased, and good economic benefits are achieved.