The invention provides an ecological treatment system and method for cold-rolling reverse osmosis strong brine. The treatment system comprises a water inflow pipe, a water inflow tank, a water distributing partition plate, a water inflow gravel commutating zone, fly ash ceramsite filler, manganese sand filler, a sand bed layer, an anti-seepage layer, modified montmorillonite filler, covering soil, plants, a water outflow gravel commutating zone, a water outflow tank, a water outflow liquid level control part and a water outflow pipe. The ecological treatment system is used for treating the reverse osmosis strong brine, one-time investment is low, running and operation are easy, and production and treatment cost is low; after the cold-rolling reverse osmosis strong brine is treated through the ecological treatment system, COD and total nitrogen of outflow water are lower than the national emission standard, various kinds of heavy metal in the strong brine can also be efficiently removed, and the ecological treatment system is an environment-friendly steel and ion waste water treatment technology.