The invention discloses a preparation method of a zirconia ceramic rear cover of a mobile phone. The method comprises steps as follows: S1, modified zirconia powder and yttrium oxide powder are mixeduniformly, and mixed powder is obtained; S2, the mixed powder is dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol, ammonium polyacrylate is added, wet grinding is performed for 20-36 h, and pretreated powder is obtained after drying treatment; S3, polyethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol and zinc stearate are added to the pretreated powder, ultrasonic dispersion is performed, and tape casting slurry is obtained;S4, the tape casting slurry is subjected to vacuum defoaming, and a green body is obtained through tape casting; S5, the green body is subjected to three-stage thermal treatment and then subjected toshaping processing treatment, and the zirconia ceramic rear cover of the mobile phone is obtained. The prepared zirconia ceramic rear cover of the mobile phone has high hardness and bending strength,high anti-breaking capability, uniform texture and stable quality; the preparation method is simple, adopts a preparation process which is easy to operate, and is suitable for large-scale promotion.