The invention discloses a method for treating high-sulfur materials through continuous pressure oxygen leaching. The method comprises the steps of material preparation, liquid preparation through pressure oxygen leaching, flash evaporation, liquid-solid separation, washing, heat exchange and the like; the reaction temperature is kept through heat release in the oxidation process of low-valence sulfur in the materials, steam consumption and additive consumption are avoided, redundant heat in the reaction process is consumed by introducing cooling media, the reaction temperature rise is effectively controlled, and reaction heat energy is sufficiently and comprehensively utilized through heat exchange. According to the method, continuous pressure leaching is conducted in one stage, flash evaporation, continuous cooling and pressure reduction are conducted in another stage, leaching residues do not need to be treated to recycle sulfur, the whole production process is continuous, the automatic control degree is high, self-heating is achieved in the reaction process, the reaction temperature does not need to be kept by adding elemental sulfur or steam, the leaching time is short, the metal yield is high, the production energy consumption is low, and the continuity, the stability and the safety of production operation are higher.