The invention discloses a superhard multi-component
boride particle reinforced aluminum-based
composite material and a preparation method thereof. The method includes the following steps that (1) raw materials are weighed, specifically, industrial pure aluminum, Hf, Ta, Zr, Nb and Ti elementary substance blocks and aluminum-
boron binary intermediate
alloy are weighed in proportion; and (2)
smelting is conducted, specifically, the weighed industrial pure aluminum and the weighed Hf, Ta, Zr, Nb and Ti elementary substance blocks are put into a water-cooled
copper crucible of a
vacuum arc furnace in the order of the melting points from low to high, and an aluminum
alloy ingot is obtained through
smelting; and an aluminum
alloy ingot and the aluminum-
boron binary intermediate alloy are placed in the same
crucible and smelted, and the (Hf0.2Ta0.2Zr0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)B2 multi-element
boride particle reinforced aluminum matrix
composite material is obtained. According to the method, a vacuum
electric arc melting mode is used, and
transition metal particles and
boron in aluminum melt are directly subjected to in-situ
chemical reaction at high temperature to form multi-component
boride particles. In addition, the method has the flexibility of
microstructure and component design, and a series of
transition metal multi-component boride particle reinforced aluminum-based composite materials with different components can be rapidly prepared.