108results about How to "Decrease the concentration gradient" patented technology

Microfluidic Systems, Devices and Methods for Reducing Noise Generated by Mechanical Instabilities. According to one embodiment, a microfluidic device is provided for reducing noise in a fluid mix. The microfluidic device can include microscale channels for passage of fluids to a mixing junction. The mixing channel can be adapted to combine the fluids into a common fluid flow. The microfluidic device can also include a connector channel including first and second ends. The first end of the connector channel can be connected to the mixing junction. The microfluidic device can also include an expansion channel having connection to the second end of the connector channel. The expansion channel can be adapted for passage of the fluid mix through the expansion channel to reduce concentration gradient noise of the fluid mix by dispersion of the fluid mix as the fluid mix passes through the expansion channel.

The invention discloses a phosphorus and boron liquid source one-shot perfect diffusion process. The process is mainly implemented through the following steps that one surface of each silicon wafer with two thinned sides is rotated to be coated with a liquid boron source, baked and then rotated again to be coated with a liquid phosphorus source, lamination is conducted after baking, the silicon wafers are stacked on a silicon boat pairwise to be subjected to one-shot perfect diffusion in the mode that each phosphorus source surface is opposite to the corresponding phosphorus source surface and each boron source surface is opposite to the corresponding boron source surface. Diffused junction depth is even, and reverse breakdown voltage of a product can be stable and good in uniformity; the diffusion concentration gradient is reduced, PN junction field intensity can be effectively improved, discharging-resistant capacity of the product is improved, and the reverse surge capacity of the product can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the source return quantity of the edge of the silicon wafer is small, the number of intra defects is small, and product reliability is high. Processing cost is low, the process is simple, and production is easy.

The invention relates to an overlapped microbial fuel cell in-situ test system and an application thereof. The overlapped microbial fuel cell in-situ test system comprises a positive electrode chamber formed by at least one positive electrode reaction module in a series-wound overlapping manner, a negative electrode chamber formed by at least one negative electrode reaction module in a series-wound overlapping manner, a proton exchange membrane arranged between the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber, and a circumscribed nitration reactor communicated with the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber separately; the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are arranged oppositely in the mode of an upper one and a lower one that can be exchanged mutually; and a circumscribed adjustable resistive circuit is further arranged between the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber. The system is used for in-situ test on the characteristic parameters of the electrode biological membrane under the same electrochemical state. Compared with the prior art, the overlapped microbial fuel cell in-situ test system is simple and compact in structure; the functions of decarbonization, nitration and denitrification are arranged in independent units; the pollutant removal efficiency is improved; the system can be changed easily according to the pollutant concentrations and actual water amount; and the overall system is high in sealing property, high in stability, stable in running, and wide in the development and application prospects.

The invention discloses a method for rapidly and stably starting a wastewater nitrite type mixotrophic desulfurization and denitrification system. The method comprises the following steps: controlling ecological factors in stages by virtue of a three-step method, respectively creating an anaerobic environment favorable for improving the activities of sulfur-autotrophic nitrate microbes, mixotrophic nitrate microbes and mixotrophic nitrite microbes, and promoting rapid formation of different functional floras, so that the complexity of the micro flora is reduced. According to the start method disclosed by the invention, stable operation of the desulfurization and denitrification process under high load conditions is promoted, the starting time is reduced, the stability of the system is enhanced, and after the system is started, the removal rate of sulfides and nitrite can rapidly reach 100 percent, the removal rate of the organic matters can be over 90 percent, the yield of elemental sulfur is high and is always over 80 percent, subsequent high-efficiency recovery of the elemental sulfur is promoted, and the wastes are recycled.

A swing member that is provided in an ink containing chamber is swung according to movement of a carriage of a printing apparatus. Accordingly, an ink flow occurs in a hollow portion of the swing member from one of openings to the other opening, such that ink in an ink tank is stirred.

A bipolar plate and a direct liquid feed fuel cell stack are provided. The bipolar plate includes a manifold that is coupled with the fuel/oxidant path holes and a plurality of flow channels that are coupled with the manifold. The flow channels are divided into a plurality of groups, where the flow channel of each group forms a serpentine flow path and a length of each flow channel is substantially the same.

The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment in environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a method and a device for treating phosphorus wastewater by adopting a multi-electrode baffling electric flocculation process. The PH value of wastewater is regulated with alkaline liquor to 7.0-8.0; the regulated wastewater is pumped into an electric flocculation tank through a peristaltic pump, is subjected to electrolytic flocculation treatment through the baffling of a multi-electrode under the condition of aeration, and then is discharged through an overflow launder, the discharged water is collected and left to stand for 30 minutes, a liquid supernatant is discharged, a floc is recycled; a power supply of the electric flocculation tank is a direct current power supply, the current density is 1.27-5.08mA/cm<2>, and the electrolysis time is 2 minutes to 48 hours. The technical characteristics are as follows: the wastewater baffles along the multi-electrode, then the short stream of the wastewater is avoided, the chance of enabling a pollutant in the wastewater to be in contact with a high-concentration flocculating agent in an electrolysis plate is increased, the flocculent precipitation is promoted, so that the pollutant treatment effect is improved. The multi-electrode baffling electric flocculation process is suitable for treating inorganic phosphorus wastewater at medium and low concentrations, needed equipment is simple, easy in operation and low in cost, and runs stably, so that the process is an electrochemistry phosphorous removal process having a high potential.

The invention relates to a method for reducing gate induced drain leakage in NMOS devices. The lightly doped drain injection technology of the NMOS devices includes the following steps: a primary N type lightly doped ion implantation is carried out in primary energy and primary dosage; a secondary N type lightly doped ion implantation is carried out in secondary energy and secondary dosage; wherein, the foreign ion injected in the primary lightly doped ion implantation and the foreign ion injected in the secondary lightly doped ion implantation are elements in the same group, and the diffusion coefficient of the foreign ion injected in the secondary ion implantation is larger than or equal to that of the foreign ion injected in the primary ion implantation; and the energy value of the secondary energy is larger than that of the primary energy and the dosage value of the secondary dosage is smaller than that of the primary dosage. The invention can improve gate induced drain leakage current effect of the NMOS devices without inducing leakage current of PN junction between NLDD doped region and pocket doped region.

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of an infrared reflecting device. The manufacturing method of the infrared reflecting device comprises the following steps: making a first conductive light transmitting substrate and a second conductive light transmitting substrate at first, and enabling the two conductive light transmitting substrate to opposite to each other; manufacturing parallel orientation layers on the opposite surfaces of the two conductive light transmitting substrates; manufacturing a liquid crystal box by using the two conductive light transmitting substrates; mixing negative liquid crystal, a chiral dopant, liquid crystal monomers and a photoinitiator to obtain a liquid crystal mixture; injecting the liquid crystal mixture in the liquid crystal box; connecting the first conductive light transmitting substrate with a negative pole of a power supply assembly, connecting the second conductive light transmitting substrate with a positive pole of the power supply assembly, capturing impurity positive ions by using the liquid crystal monomers and/or the chiral dopant so that the liquid crystal monomers and/or the chiral dopant have positive charge, and enabling the liquid crystal monomers and/or the chiral dopant to continue moving towards the negative pole direction; and carrying out ultraviolet irradiation to polymerize the liquid crystal monomers so as to form a polymer network, and enabling the densities of the polymer network to be distributed in a gradient manner in the direction perpendicular to the conductive light transmitting substrate to obtain the infrared reflecting device with wide reflection bandwidth. By change of the direction of an electric field, infrared reflection waveband can be adjusted.

The invention discloses a P-type lateral double-diffused metal-oxide transistor which is capable of reducing hot-carrier effect and comprises a P-type semiconductor substrate; an N-type well region is arranged on the P-type semiconductor substrate; a P-type well region and a P-type doped semiconductor area are arranged on the N-type well region; a P-type source area and an N-type contact area are arranged on the P-type well region; a P-type drain area is arranged on the P-type doped semiconductor area; and a field oxide layer, a metal layer, a gate oxide layer, a polysilicon grid and an oxide layer are arranged on the upper surface of the device. The P-type lateral double-diffused metal-oxide transistor is characterized in that: a lightly-doped shallow P-type area is arranged in the N-type well region and positioned between the P-type well region and the P-type doped semiconductor area and covers a corner which is formed by the gate oxide layer and the P-type doped semiconductor area.

The invention discloses a method for extracting essential oil from fresh tissues of plants, which comprises the following steps of: 1, adding a certain proportion of distilled water into the fresh tissues of the plants and then carrying out breaking and homogenate; 2, placing the product in the step 1 in a container, and adding an extracting agent, i.e., 30 to 60 DEG C petroleum ether, wherein the volume ratio of the petroleum ether to homogenate tissues is 1: (3-5); 3, placing an amplitude transformer of an ultrasonic wave generator in a long container for ultrasonic extraction; 4, separating a mixed liquor obtained in the step 3 by using a centrifugal machine with the speed of 3000 to 6000 turn/m, and taking a supernatant liquid; 5, decompressing the extracting liquid in the step 4 in a constant temperature water bath so as to remove an organic solvent, and obtaining oil; and 6, dewaxing the oil to obtain the essential oil. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the collection and extraction of oil components in the fresh tissues of the plants can be realized in one step; and few natural aroma of the prepared essential oil product is lost.

The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment, in particular to a composite stepped carburizing and quenching technology of a gear shaft. The composite stepped carburizing and quenching technology of the gear shaft includes the steps of entering furnace and heating, preserving heat, reheating, preserving heat of the stepped carburizing and quenching, reducing temperature and preserving heat, outing furnace and quenching, and the like. By adoption the composite stepped carburizing and quenching technology of the gear shaft, a constant temperature is firstly applied at a temperature below the critical point of the transformation before the workpiece is carburized, the temperature of the workpiece tends to be uniform inside and outside the temperature, thus, the internal and external temperature difference, the heating speed, and the thermal stress are reduced; and in carburizing stage, the stepped carburizing is adopted, that is, increase of cyclation and decrease of carbon concentration gradient, thus, the diffusion rate of carbon atoms is increased, the holding time of workpieces at high temperature is reduced, the deformation of heat treatment is reduced, and the requirements of metallurgical structure and mechanical properties are met.

The invention belongs to the field of electrolytic solutions, and discloses a double electric layer capacitor electrolytic solution which is characterized by comprising ionic liquid and carbon nano tube powder with the mass ratio of 1:0.001-0.1. The ionic liquid is formed by any one negative ion of imidazolium cation or a pyrrole positive ion and fluoboric acid positive ion, a fluorophosphoric acid negative ion, a diimine (fluoroform sulfonyl) negative ion, an acetic acid negative ion, a methyl organosulfate positive ion, a trifluoroacetic acid negative ion, a trifluoromethane sulfonic acid negative ion, a dicyandiamide negative ion and a trifluoroacetyl trifluoromethanesulfonamide negative ion. The double electric layer capacitor electrolytic solution is formed by the ionic liquid and the carbon nano tube powder in a mixed mode, the negative ions of the ionic liquid can be adsorbed by carbon nano tubes, the carbon nano tubes can promote efficient dissociation of the ionic liquid, the transference number of the ionic liquid is increased, and thus equivalent internal resistance of a double electric layer capacitor is greatly reduced; the carbon nano tubes do not volatilize, so flammable and combustible danger coefficients cannot be increased.

An MOS transistor forming method includes providing a semiconductor substrate whose surface is provided with a grid structure; performing first aureole injection on the semiconductor substrate on two sides of the grid structure by taking the grid structure as a mask; forming a shift side wall on the surface on two sides of the grid structure after first aureole injection; performing light-doped drain injection on the semiconductor substrate on the two sides of the grid structure by taking the grid structure with the shift side wall as the mask; and forming a source drain zone in the semiconductor substrate on the two sides of the grid structure. The MOS transistor forming method can improve performance and reliability of transistors.

The invention discloses an automatic continuous liquid azo dye production process and a synthesis system, and belongs to the field of azo dye synthesis. The automatic continuous liquid azo dye production process comprises the following steps: adding a diazonium component, starting a first circulating temperature control device, adding a nitrite, circulating materials by using the first circulatingtemperature control device, and controlling the temperature; continuously adding the diazonium component and the nitrite; opening a diazonium discharge valve, and enabling a diazonium reaction liquidto flow out; starting a first feeding pump and a second feeding pump, and meanwhile starting a second circulation temperature control device and a third circulation temperature control device; continuously spraying a mixed solution of the diazonium reaction solution and a dispersing agent out from a first spray head, continuously spraying a mixed solution of a coupling component and a dispersingagent out from a second spray head, wherein the first spray head and the second spray head are designed for opposite spraying; adopting the second circulating temperature control device and the thirdcirculating temperature control device for circulating materials in a coupling reaction device and controlling the coupling reaction temperature; and opening a coupling discharging valve to obtain a liquid dye. The automatic continuous liquid azo dye production process and the synthesis method can be used for continuously producing azo dyes.

The invention discloses a film pressure thermal dehydration method and equipment for high-moisture sludge, and belongs to the technical field of sludge dehydration. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: spreading the sludge subjected to conventional mechanical dehydration into a film of 1 to 10mm, regulating hot extrusion temperature and pressure for partition wall hot extrusion dehydration, separating out moisture in a liquid form, and further applying the sludge after the moisture is separated out. The invention has the advantages that: the energy consumption is low, and the energy utilization rate is high; in the dehydration process, seamless compression is adopted, and a wall-sticking phenomenon of conventional equipment is avoided, so that the whole dehydration process is smooth and feasible; and the process flow is simple and high in feasibility, other substances are not introduced, and the further treatment and recycle of the sludge are not influenced.

The invention relates to an axial vibrating flat sheet membrane device capable of improving membrane flux and effectively controlling membrane pollution. When the membrane technology is used for microalgae recycle or water treatment, membrane pollution is an inevitable problem all the time. Membrane pollution will reduce membrane flux and reduce the filtering efficiency, besides, cleaning of a membrane will consume more manpower and materials, the membrane is damaged, and the service life of the membrane is shortened. The axial vibrating flat membrane device quickly vibrates up and down to generate shear force on the surface of the membrane, deposition of pollutants on the surface of the membrane can be effective prevented, accordingly membrane pollution can be slowed down, and the membrane flux can be improved. According to the device, the vibration amplitude can be adjusted by punching in a rotary plate in turn, the rotary plate and a motor rotary shaft are connected, the rotary plate rotates along with the motor rotary shaft, and the vibration amplitude can be increased from 1 mm to 40 mm. A motor is connected with a frequency regulator, and the vibration frequency of a vibrating film can be adjusted by the frequency regulator. When the vibration amplitude is set to be 1-40 mm, the frequency of a vibrating device can be adjusted to be 0-60 Hz. According to the device, only a membrane assembly is driven to vibrate up and down, an aqueous solution in a reactor does not need to be driven, and accordingly energy consumption for vibration can be reduced.

The invention discloses a preparation method of cellulosic fibers. The preparation method includes the following steps that 1, cellulose pulp is mixed with an NMMO water solution with the mass concentration of 60%-85%, preferably 70%-76% to obtain a uniform mixture; 2, the obtained uniform mixture is subjected to dehydration swelling and dissolution defoaming to obtain a cellulose spinning solution; 3, the obtained cellulose spinning solution is filtered and subjected to heat exchange and then enters a spinning machine, after the cellulose spinning solution is extruded through a spinning assembly and air-cooled, the cellulose spinning solution enters a solidification system and is solidified in an NMMO solidification bath with the mass concentration larger than 50% and smaller than 72%, and nascent fibers are obtained; 4, the obtained nascent fibers are washed to obtain cellosilk bundles, and then the cellulosic fibers are obtained through subsequent section treatment. Equipment investment can be greatly reduced, the process is simplified, energy consumption and industrialization cost are reduced, safety production is promoted, the homogeneity and mechanical performance of the fibers are improved, and therefore the preparation method is more suitable for efficient low-consumption industrial production.

The invention relates to the electroslag remelting technology, in particular to a method for controlling residual aluminum in electroslag remelting steel, and aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior electroslag remelting technology, such as poor stability of remelting slag system, poor efficiency in controlling aluminum increase in metal melting pond in remelting process, high difficulty in controlling residual aluminum in electroslag remelting steel, and poor quality of electroslag remelting steel. The control method is realized by the electroslag remelting process in the existing electroslag furnace, wherein the remelting slag consists of, by weight, CaO 28% to 40%, Al2O3 10% to 15%, MnO 0.2% to 0.5%, CaF2 15% to 25%, and the balance of Al2(SiO3)3. In the remelting process, the content of FeO in the remelting slag is controlled to be not larger than 0.5% by deoxidization. The method provided by the invention is effective in controlling aluminum increase in the metal melting pond, and easy in controlling residual aluminum in the electroslag remelting steel, and has the advantages of high stability of the remelting slag system and high quality of electroslag remelting steel.

The invention discloses a synchronous electricity generation and sewage purification device utilizing steel slag as a positive electrode. The steel slag utilized as positive electrode filler for a battery is embedded into a vertical flow artificial wetland system, so that a novel structure method with a microbial fuel cell and a constructed wetland which are coupled is formed. A bottom non-conductive filler layer, a steel slag positive electrode layer, a current collector inserted into the steel slag positive electrode layer, a top non-conductive filler layer, wetland plants planted in the non-conductive filler layers and a top negative electrode layer are laid on the system from bottom to top, wherein the negative electrode layer and the positive electrode layer are respectively connected with a resistor box through wires so as to form a closed loop. The steel slag electrode is embedded into a positive electrode of the microbial fuel cell and meanwhile coupled with the vertical current constructed wetland, so that dual effects of synchronous electricity generation and sewage purification are realized, the positive electrode teleportation efficiency is improved, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, the electricity generation performance is improved, and meanwhile the water acidification problem is solved.

The invention specifically relates to an ultrasonic bubble column rectification device and a method, belonging to the field of rectification-rectification technology in the petrochemical industry. Theultrasonic bubble column rectification device comprises a bubble column and an ultrasonic generator, wherein the bubble column is internally provided with a plurality of trays and bubble caps; the outer wall of the bubble column is provided with a distributor at a position corresponding to one of the trays; the distributor is connected with the ultrasonic generator via an ultrasonic transducer; and the included angle of the ultrasonic transducer and the distributor is 45 to 135 degrees. According to the invention, ultrasonic waves are effectively and uniformly transmitted to the trays in virtue of a proper angle; and a gas-liquid interface is greatly increased in virtue of the microjet effect of ultrasonic waves, so the heat transfer and mass transfer of gas-liquid-phase materials on thetrays are reinforced, and the plate efficiency is improved. The invention also provides the method using the device.

The invention relates to an efficient gas-liquid reactor, which comprises a reactor body and a gas inlet pipe, wherein an agitation motor is arranged below the reactor body, a motor shaft of the agitation motor extends into the reactor body, a cover-shaped turntable which is positioned in the reactor body is installed at the upper end of the motor shaft, a group of air holes are produced in the cover body of the cover-shaped turntable, the gas inlet pipe is coaxially sleeved on the motor shaft, and the gas outlet of the gas inlet pipe is positioned in the cover-shaped turntable. The efficient gas-liquid reactor provided by the invention has a reasonable design and a simple structure, is easy to produce and has high practicability, the reactor is added with the cover-shaped turntable which has an agitation function, a plurality of air holes are arranged in the cover-shaped turntable and can produce a large quantity of small bubbles during the rotation process, so the gas-liquid contact surface area for unit gas quantity is greatly increased, the gas-liquid reaction speed is accelerated, and the reaction efficiency is improved.