The invention relates to a method for removing magnesium-enriched lithium in advance from saline lake brine with a high magnesium-lithium ratio through dry-process magnesium removal. The method is to take the saline lake brine with the high magnesium-lithium ratio as a raw material and adopt the technological steps of brine concentration, spray drying, granulation, roasting, water leaching, and the like to remove most magnesium in the brine, so that lithium can be conveniently extracted with low cost. The main technical points of the method comprises that: the dry-process magnesium removal is based on a high-temperature hydrolysis principle of magnesium chloride to convert most soluble magnesium compounds into magnesium compounds (MgO) which are difficult to be dissolved in water, and magnesium oxychloride (MgOHCl) which is hydrolyzed in the water, so that soluble lithium chloride and magnesium chloride (which are mainly generated by hydrolysis under the condition of the water leaching of the magnesium oxychloride) are dissolved out through the water leaching, and the removal of the magnesium-enriched lithium in the brine in advance is realized. The method comprehensively utilizes magnesium resources and lithium resources of saline lakes, has the characteristics of high magnesium removal efficiency, good enriching effect of lithium salts, high recovery rate, low energy consumption, low cost, small project investment, and the like, and is particularly suitable for industrial production on a large scale. In addition, the whole process is simple, clean and environment-friendly.