The invention relates to a preparation method of high-barrier and high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of plastic products. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring aluminum borate whiskers, attapulgite crystals, isinglass, a sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and talcum powder to obtain a mixture, performing microwave radiation, soaking the mixture into a sulfamic acid solution for heating and dispersion, performing ultrasonic treatment on suspensions, filtering, washing and drying the suspensions on the upper layer, mixing and stirring an obtained material with silicon dioxide, polyisobutylene colloidal particles, stearic acid, organic montmorillonite, HDPE-g-MAH and a silane coupling agent, drying, then adding HDPE plastic powder, performing blending and extrusion through two screw rods to obtain high-barrier HDPE plastic particles, and melting the particles to obtain the high-barrier HDPE plastic. Compared with the prior art, barrier materials such as the isinglass are added into the HDPE, so that the prepared HDPE has the characteristics of high barrier and high intensity, and can be used for high-barrier packaging of thin films, bottled and canned foods, medicines, daily necessities and the like.