The invention discloses a reagent for quantitatively detecting serum amyloid proteins A in whole blood. The reagent comprises reagents R1 and reagents R2. The reagents R1 comprise disruption components, buffer solution, surfactants, electrolyte, preservatives, reaction promoters and stabilizers; the reagents R2 comprise latex particles, surfactants, electrolyte, preservatives, stabilizers and buffer solution; the disruption components are used for removing measurement interference red blood cells, blood cells are not separated by the disruption components, and the original whole blood can be used; anti-human SAA antibodies are coated by the latex particles, and the particle sizes of the latex particles are 50-300 nm. The reagent has the advantages that a detection sample can be the whole blood such as peripheral blood, requirements on high sensitivity and wide linear ranges can be simultaneously met, the reagent is excellent in anti-interference performance, accuracy and precision, and clinical examination requirements can be met. The invention further discloses a method for quantitatively detecting the serum amyloid proteins A in the whole blood.