The invention relates to a method of preparing a polyaniline / silver nanometer material by a cladding manner. The method includes (1) a step of preparing silver nanowires by adopting a polyol manner, and (2) a step of preparing the polyaniline / silver nano-material by an in-situ cladding manner, namely a step of mixing the silver nanowires with absolute alcohol, stirring, adding the mixture into a reactor, adding aniline, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and hydrochloric acid, stirring at room temperature for 30-60 min, adding ammonium persulfate, stirring for 60-240 min, and subjecting a product to separation and purification to obtain the polyaniline / silver nanometer composite material. The doped polyaniline / silver nanometer composite material is prepared through the cladding manner by adopting a step-by-step reaction manner, thus improving electrical conductivity of the material and facilitating control of the cladding amount of the silver nanowires and morphology of the composite material. In addition, doped inorganic and organic acids facilitate improvement of water solubility and electrical conductivity of the composite material. The method allows the product to be good in electrical conductivity and water solubility and to meet industrialization requirements of the material and is beneficial to industrialization and application of the material.