The invention relates to self-flowing para-phenylene terephthalamide and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: 1) dissolving p-phenylenediamine with a sulfonic acid group and lithium chloride or calcium chloride serving as an additive in a solvent to prepare a solution, keeping the temperature of the solution between 80 and 100 DEG C, adding a paraphthaloyl chloride solution into a constant pressure funnel, reducing reaction temperature for 1 to 8 minutes, and adding paraphthaloyl chloride into the solvent containing the p-phenylenediamine for reacting with quick stirring in the presence of inert gases; and 2), adding alkali into the solution for reacting, adding a quaternary ammonium salt solution for reacting, and performing synthetic reaction for 5 to 7 hours to obtain the self-flowing para-phenylene terephthalamide, wherein molecular weight is 2,000 to 40,000, the temperature of thermal decomposition is 400 to 600 DEG C, and the self-flowing para-phenylene terephthalamide can be dissolved in water and most organic solvents. According to aramid fibers prepared from the self-flowing para-phenylene terephthalamide, the break elongation is 2 to 4 percent, the compression strength is 0.02 to 1.29 GPa, the tensile strength is 1,000 to 6,000 MPa, and the modulus of elasticity is 1 to 1.6 Mpa. The method is mild in polymerization reaction and high in controllability; and a structure of quaternary ammonium salt is changed, and the dissolution performance of a polymer can be regulated.