The invention discloses a muskmelon seedling growing substrate, and belongs to the technical field of seedling growing substrates. The muskmelon seedling growing substrate is prepared from thoroughly-decomposed maize straw, thoroughly-decomposed chicken dung, turfy soil, vermiculite, antagonistic actinomycetes and chitosan, and the mass ratio of thoroughly-decomposed maize straw to thoroughly-decomposed chicken dung to turfy soil, vermiculite to antagonistic actinomycetes to chitosan is 1:(0.08-0.12):(0.8-1.2):(0.8-1.2):(0.04-0.06):(0.06-0.1). According to the muskmelon seedling growing substrate, the substrate contains antagonistic actinomycetes, the antagonistic actinomycetes has the good colonization capability in rhizosphere soil, the good inhibiting effect is achieved for greenhouse soil-borne diseases, and the continuous cropping obstacle can be effectively repaired; the PPO activity of muskmelon seedling stage leaves and roots is improved, and the muskmelon plant disease resistance is improved; the substrate is a compound substrate, the substrate is loose and good in water binding capacity, the total-P, total-K, quick-acting N, quick-acting P and quick-acting K contents arehigh, the fruit quality can be improved, and the fruit yield can be increased.