111results about How to "Unique pore structure" patented technology

The invention provides a method for preparing a porous silicon / carbon composite material by using diatomite as the raw material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: with the diatomite as the raw material, performing simple refinement and purification processing to obtain silicon with a porous structure by means of metallothermic reduction; performing mechanical ball-milling with the carbon materials and / or precursors of carbon, hydro-thermal carbonization, pyrolytic carbonization or chemical vapor deposition to prepare the porous silicon / carbon composite material. Thecomposite material can be directly used as the cathode of the lithium ion battery, or can be mixed with other cathode materials to be used as the cathode materials of the lithium ion battery. Compared with a pure silicon material as the cathode material of the lithium ion battery, the porous silicon / carbon composite material has the advantages that the first reversible capacity and the circulation stability of the material are greatly improved. In the method, the inexpensive and accessible natural minerals are used as the raw materials, thus the cost is low and the preparation method is simple.

The invention provides an aluminum oxide carrier and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum oxide carrier takes a mixture prepared by mixing pseudo-boehmite powder prepared by the carbonization method and pseudo-boehmite powder prepared by the aluminum sulfate method according to a weight proportion of 1:0.1 to 5 as a precursor and a complex acid as a peptizing agent; substances such as zirconium, titanium, silicon, alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, rare-earth metals, carbon black, and the like, are added during kneading process; then the aluminum oxide carrier is obtained after forming, drying and roasting. The physical properties of the carrier are as follows: pore volume is 0.4 to 1.2ml / g; specific surface area is 180 to 370m<2> / g; pores with the diameter being more than 100nm accounts for more than 90 percent of total pore volume; the amount of B acid is 0.1 to 0.3mmol / g; the amount of L acid is 0.2 to 0.5mmol / g. The carrier is especially applicable to the preparation of 1, 4-butanediol catalysts in the two-stage hydrogenation catalytic synthesis of 1, 4-butynediol.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a porous silicon carbon nanotube composite negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery by diatomite. The method is characterized in that the diatomite is a silicon source, comprises the steps of preparing porous silicon, preparing a porous silicon matrix surface supported catalyst precursor and preparing a porous silicon carbon nanotube composite material, has the advantages of availability in raw material, low cost, clearness in morphology of the prepared porous silicon, high capacity of the silicon carbon composite material, cycle stability, high production efficiency, low cost and the like, and is suitable for industrial production. Under the test in which current density is 100mA / g, the initial reversible specific capacity of a negative electrode, prepared from the material, of the lithium ion battery reaches 1,529.1mAh / g, the reversible specific capacity reaches 885.4mAh / g after circulation of 40 times, and the subsequent cycle capacity is almost unchanged; and through the rate performance test, the reversible specific capacity is restored to about 800mAh / g when the current density is restored to 100mA / g, and the test shows that the material is high in connection tightness performance.

The invention discloses a hog house structure with an external fermentation bed and a manufacturing method of a padding layer for the fermentation bed. The hog house structure comprises a passage, a swine bed and a fermentation bed, wherein the passage and the swine bed are arranged indoor, the fermentation bed is arranged outdoor, the passage is arranged on the inner side of the swine bed, a hog house external wall is arranged on the outer side of the swine bed, the fermentation bed is arranged at the exterior of the exterior wall of the hog house and is parallel to the swine bed, a wall body sewage outlet is formed in the bottom of the exterior wall of the hog house, and the fermentation bed is communicated with the swine bed through the wall body sewage outlet; a padding layer is paved in the fermentation bed. The padding layer is formed through mixing, fermenting and paving saw dust chips, corn straws, bergmeal and an auxiliary leavening agent. According to the hog house structure, the fermentation bed and the swine bed are arranged in a separated way, the manufacturing method for components in the padding layer is changed, the cleanliness of the swine bed is effectively maintained, various germs affected by hogs due to the direct contact with a fermentation bed can be avoided, and the technical difficulty of mycetism of the hogs due to the fact that the hogs eat mycete-carried padding of the fermentation bed can be overcome.

The invention discloses a nano composite material high-wax-content heavy oil viscosity reducer and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of nano composite material preparation and application. The viscosity reducer is a nano polymethylacrylic acid high carbon alcohol-acrylamide composite material. The preparation method of the viscosity reducer comprises the steps that surface pre-modification is conducted on synthesized MSN by using a silane coupling agent, and polymethylacrylic acid high carbon alcohol-acrylamide composite material powder is obtained through graft copolymerization of methylacrylic acid high carbon alcohol-acrylamide on the surface and pore channels of the MSN. The nano viscosity reducer has a good viscosity reduction effect, is low in cost, simple in production and clean and free of pollution in the process. An experiment proves that the viscosity reduction rate of the nano composite material high-wax-content heavy oil viscosity reducer is 70.30% Daqing Linyuan Sanku high-wax-content heavy oil at the temperature of 40 DEG C and is 79.37% for Daqing Dandong station high-wax-content heavy oil at the temperature of 40 DEG C. The steps are simple, the operation is convenient, and the practicability is strong.

The invention relates to a lithium ion battery silicon-based negative material and a preparation method thereof, which belong to the technical field of lithium ion battery negative materials. The lithium ion battery silicon-based negative material is prepared from silicon monoxide; the macroscopic particle diameter of the negative material is 10-25 micrometers; according to a microstructure, the negative material is composed of nanometer silicon particles covered with silica; the internal silicon particle diameter of the negative material is 20-30 nanometers; and at 0.1C discharge rate, the first discharge capacity of the negative material reaches 2010-2640 mAh / g, and is 420-790 mAh / g after 50 cycles. The negative materials with the structure characteristic combines the dispersion and the reduction of silicon particles; and on one hand, the silicon particles can be dispersed by a pore channel structure of silica so as to provide a space for the expansion of silicon in charge and discharge processes, on the other hand, the particle diameter of silicon can be reduced, and therefore, a volume effect of silicon in the charge and discharge processes can be weakened.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a hierarchical-pore HZSM-5 molecular sieve. The preparation method includes following steps: 1), dissolving an aluminum source in water, adding a tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide solution, adding a silicon source, and mixing to obtain a molecular sieve precursor; 2), pre-crystallizing the molecular sieve precursor; 3), adding sucrose into the molecular sieve precursor after being pre-crystallized, and mixing for hydrothermal crystallizing reaction; 4), after crystallizing reaction is completed, separating, washing, drying and roasting to obtain a hierarchical-pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve; 5), subjecting the hierarchical-pore ZSM-5 molecular sieve and an ammonium salt solution to ion exchange, separating, washing, drying and roasting to obtain the hierarchical-pore HZSM-5 molecular sieve. The hierarchical-pore HZSM-5 molecular sieve prepared by the method can improve aromatization ability and anti-coking ability of the same in the process of biomass catalytic pyrolysis.

The invention relates to the technical field of denitration, in particular to a selective catalytic reduction denitration catalyst, a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst is prepared from a carrier, transition metal oxide loaded on the carrier, and a rare earth modification additive, as well as a rare earth metal polymer distributed on the carrier as a porous mesh metal frame structure, wherein the total load capacity of the transition metal oxide, the rare earth modification additive and the rare earth polymer on the carrier is 25-35%. The catalyst disclosed by the invention is excellent in catalytic activity at a temperature interval from 200 DEG C to 400 DEG C; the denitration conversion ratio can be up to 90% above; meanwhile, the trace of rare earth modification additive is added to the catalytic system to effectively improve the sintering resistance of the catalyst; the catalyst can effectively improve the lead and sulfur toxic resistance of the catalyst, widens the low temperature reaction window, and prolongs the service life of the catalyst.

The invention discloses a concrete retarder which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 4-6 parts of ammonium phosphate, 5-7 parts of ammonium sulfate, 6-8 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 10-15 parts of amino trimethylene phosphonic acid, 3-7 parts of gelatin, 1-3 parts of glycerol, 2-4 parts of sodium citrate, 10-15 parts of zeolite powder, 10-15 parts of pumice powder, 3-5 parts of water reducer, 1-3 parts of dispersant and 0.4-0.6 part of surfactant. The concrete retarder has the advantages of good retarding effect, high strength, no pollution and the like, and is a concrete additive with developing future.

The invention discloses a preparation method of magnetic mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles with a core-shell-shell structure. According to the method, Fe3O4 is used as a magnetic carrier; tetraethoxysilane is used as a silicon source; hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is used as a surfactant; the radial Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2 mesoporous nanoparticles with a mesoporous form and a core-shell-shell three-layer structure is obtained; and at the same time, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine is used as an amino silane coupling agent for loading amino groups in the surfaces and the pore channelsof the mesoporous nanoparticles. In addition, according to the invention, triethylamine and cyclohexane are used as organic swelling agents, so that a mesoporous layer with a larger pore diameter is obtained. The magnetic mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles prepared by the method disclosed by the invention have good magnetism, high dispersity and unique pore channel structure, and have a wide application prospect in the aspects of medicine release, biology, material science and the like.

The invention discloses a preparing method of a composite adsorbent material of molybdenum disulfide and sepiolite mineral nanometer fiber, and relates to solid adsorbents. The sepiolite mineral nanometer fiber, a molybdenum source and a sulphur source serve as the main raw materials, and through preparation of mixed liquor, suction filtration, washing, drying and roasting, the product of the composite adsorbent material of molybdenum disulfide and sepiolite mineral nanometer fiber is prepared. The defects in the prior art that an existing adsorbent material has poor performance of adsorbing organic dyestuff in dye wastewater, and is high in price, high in reproduction cost, and complicated in preparing technology, and cannot be prepared in batch for industrial production are overcome.

The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection and environmental catalysis, and in particular relates to a low-temperature SCR smoke denitration catalyst of a carbon nano tube load metallic oxide. The low-temperature SCR smoke denitration catalyst is characterized in that a multi-wall carbon nanotube is utilized as a carrier, ZrO2 is utilized as a sleep-assisting agent, MnOx is utilized as an active component, and a low-temperature smoke denitration catalyst based on a carbon nano tube is obtained. The low-temperature SCR smoke denitration catalyst provided by the invention has the advantages that a ZrO2 surface modification multi-wall carbon nanotube is adopted, a specific surface area, heat stability and acidity of the catalyst are increased, the denitration activity of the catalyst is improved through the interaction of the MnOx, the ZrO2 and the multi-wall carbon nanotube, the ammonia is utilized as a reducing agent, and the low-temperature SCR smoke denitration catalyst has the good catalytic activity when the temperature is 180-280 DEG C.

The invention provides wood-based carbon foam and a preparation method thereof, a cathode electrocatalyst, a cathode and a metal-air battery, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing lignin-removed wood with a first solution, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a wood precursor, then removing air in the wood precursor, carrying out low-temperature curing and freeze drying to obtain wood-based foam, and pyrolyzing the wood-based foam in an inert atmosphere to obtain wood-based carbon foam; wherein the wood subjected to lignin removal has a certain porosity, meanwhile, the original structural property of the wood can be kept, transition metal salt and heteroatom compounds can conveniently enter pore channels of the wood, and subsequent doping of the transition metal salt and the heteroatom compounds is facilitated; furthermore, the graphitization degree of the wood-based carbon foam can be improved by adding the transition metal, so that the electro-catalytic performance of the wood-based carbon foam is improved; and by adding the nitrogen-containing compound, the structure of the wood-based carbon foam is effectively changed, the alkaline site on the surface of the wood-based carbon foam is increased, the hydrophilicity of the wood-based carbon foam is enhanced, and the wood-based carbon foam shows electro-catalytic performance.

This invention is a method for preparing a porous silicon / graphene composite lithium ion battery anode material using diatomite as a raw material. The method is characterized by comprising the preparation steps of diatomite purification, preparation of porous silicon and preparation of porous silicon / graphene composite lithium ion battery anode material. The first-time reversible capacity of the prepared porous silicon / graphene composite lithium ion battery anode material is up to 1275.3 mAh / g under the current density of 100 mA / g, the capacity is kept to be 885.7 mAh / g after 50 times of circulation, and then the capacity is almost kept the same in the almost remain the same process. Due to the fact that the diatomite is used as the raw material, sources are wide, the price is low, the volume effect of the silicon can be effectively inhibited and the electrical conductivity of the material can be also improved through porous silicon and graphene composition, and the method is scientific, reasonable, simple, convenient, easy to operate, excellent in electrochemical performance, good in effect and the like, is beneficial to popularization and application, makes industrialization easily achieved and has remarkable economic and social benefits.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a fluorinated organic nanoparticle-containing polyamide solvent-resistant nanofiltration membrane. Polyamine, dopamine and a fluoroalkyl mercaptan compound are used as reactive monomers, fluorinated organic nanoparticles are formed through Michael addition and Schiff base reaction, and then the fluorinated organic nanoparticles and polybasic acyl chloride form the polyamide membrane containing the fluorinated organic nanoparticles on the surface of the porous support membrane through interfacial polymerization reaction. The characteristic of lowsurface energy of the fluorinated organic nanoparticles is utilized, the interface polymerization process is regulated and controlled; the chemical composition, the microstructure and the hydrophilicity and the hydrophobicity of the polyamide separation layer are optimized, the polyamide solvent-resistant nanofiltration membrane having the unique pore channel structure is obtained, the prepared membrane has characteristics of high separation selectivity and high solvent permeation flux, the membrane preparation method is simple, easy to regulate and control, and the good industrial applicationprospect is provided.

The invention relates to a low-temperature selective catalytic reduction denitration catalyst and a preparation method of the catalyst. The denitration catalyst is composed of an active component, a catalysis promoter and a carrier, wherein a multiwalled carbon nanotube is used as the carrier, FeOx is used as the catalysis promoter, and MnOx is used as the active component. The preparation method comprises the steps that the carrier is subjected to nitric acid steam treatment, then, an incipient-wetness impregnation method is adopted for preparing the catalyst, the multiwalled carbon nanotube is modified through nitric acid steam, hydrophilia of the carbon nnaotube is improved, meanwhile, the specific area of the catalyst is increased, even dispersion of the active component on the surface of the carrier is promoted, the denitration activity of the catalyst is improved through interaction among MnOx, FeOx and the multiwalled carbon nanotube, ammonia is used as a reducing agent, and good catalysis activity is shown within the temperature range from 180 DEG C to 240 DEG C. The low-temperature selective catalytic reduction denitration catalyst have the advantages that operation saves time and is easy, the cost is saved, and environment is protected; by means of the catalyst, and an SCR denitration system can efficiently remove NOx in flue gas at low temperature.

The invention discloses an electrochemical capacitor and electro-adsorption desalination electrode material, which is formed by the combination of nano nickel oxide and nano carbon materials. The preparation method of the electrochemical capacitor and electro-adsorption desalination electrode material comprises the steps of: 1, preparing a nickel salt aqueous solution; 2, mixing the nickel salt aqueous solution with the nano carbon materials; 3, preparing nanocarbon / nickel oxide composite powder; 4, and preparing an electrode. The electrochemical capacitor and electro-adsorption desalination electrode material obtains large capacitance by utilizing oxidation-reduction property of the nano nickel oxide, is high in conductivity, high in specific surface area and high in utilization rate of specific surface area, endows the electrode with high capacitance of capacitor and energy density, has good charging-discharging repeatability, is easy to implement technological parameter control, is even to coat the nano carbon with the nano nickel oxide, and is suitable for industrialized mass production; and the prepared nickel oxide electrode is small in expansion and high in specific capacity, and has good charging-discharging performance, excellent inorganic ion electro-adsorption performance, long service life, and very high practical value.

The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic products and specifically relates to a hydrophobic porous ceramic product and a preparation technology thereof. The hydrophobic porous ceramic product comprises a green body and a glaze material; the green body comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 27 parts of silicon nitride, 16 parts of zirconium dioxide, 12 parts of clay, 24 parts of aluminum silicate, 16 parts of cordierite, 19 parts of silicon carbide, 14 parts of kieselguhr, 11 parts of albite, 18 parts of aluminum oxide and 13 parts of fluxing agent; the glaze material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of dolomite, 23 parts of silicon carbide, 14 parts of calcium oxide, 17 parts of potassium feldspar, 5 parts of clay and 2 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate. The preparation technology comprises the following steps: modifying raw materials of the green body; injection-molding; de-waxing and biscuit-firing; glazing; sintering. The technology provided by the invention is simple and is suitable for large-scale production. The produced ceramic product has the advantages of high mechanical strength, porous hydrophobic property and high temperature resistance.

The invention provides an industrial wastewater treatment microbial inoculum. The microbial inoculum comprises the following components of sea-foam stone powder, modified clays, polyacrylamide, kaolin, cross-linked rectorite, chitosan, shells, lotus seed hulls, hazelnut shells, ginkgo shells, macadamia shells and compound microorganisms; a preparation method of the compound microorganisms includesthe steps that compound bacteria are inoculated into a culture medium, filtration is conducted to obtain a compound bacteria solution, and the compound bacteria solution is concentrated and dried toobtain the compound microorganisms; the compound microorganisms include bacillus licheniformis, actinomycetes, bacillus radicicola, wood-destroying fungi and arthrobacterium mixtures; the culture medium includes the following components of water, yeast extracts, glucose, dipotassium phosphate and sodium taurocholate. The industrial wastewater treatment microbial inoculum contains the compound microorganisms which decompose organic pollutants in sewage into water and carbon dioxide or convert the organic pollutants into nutrients of sewage treatment microorganisms, and use the nutrients for reproduction, and the reproduction process can just degrade the pollutants.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a mineral element containing coated sustained-release basic fertilizer for paddy rice. According to the preparation method, an internal membrane material and an external membrane material are prepared in advance; then the internal membrane material is sprayed on the surface of a fertilizer core to carry out coating so as to obtain a material A; thenthe external membrane material is sprayed on the surface of the material A to carry out coating so as to obtain the basic fertilizer. The provided coated sustained-release basic fertilizer has the advantages that the nutrients of the coated sustained-release basic fertilizer are comprehensive, the fertilizing effect is long-lasting, the utilization rate is high, the water retention performance isgood, the sustained-release effect of inorganic nutrients is good, moreover, the damage of the basic fertilizer to the soil environment is small, the paddy rice yield is high, and the paddy rice quality is good.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a Fe / Fe3C nanoparticle-loaded porous nitrogen-doped carbon-based oxygen reduction catalyst, which comprises the following steps of by using SiO2 as a hard template, carrying out polymerization reaction on hydroxymethylated melamine and ferric acetylacetonate to prepare the novel Fe / Fe3C nanoparticle-loaded porous nitrogen-doped carbon-based oxygen reduction catalyst. The polymer containing iron, nitrogen and carbon is synthesized through polymerization reaction of hydroxymethylated melamine and ferric acetylacetonate, the graphitization degree of carbon can be effectively improved through Fe / Fe3C species formed in the pyrolysis process, the electrical conductivity of the material is enhanced, and then the catalytic activity of the catalytic material is improved. The specific surface area of the Fe / Fe3C nanoparticle-loaded porous nitrogen-doped carbon-based oxygen reduction catalyst prepared by the method is 1084 m<2>g<-1>, the average pore diameter is 7 nm, and the Fe / Fe3C nanoparticle-loaded porous nitrogen-doped carbon-based oxygen reduction catalyst has excellent oxygen reduction performance.

The invention belongs to the field of graphene material synthesis, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a three-dimensional graphene / foamed nickel composite material by taking loofah sponge as a raw material. The method comprises the following specific steps that: after the loofah sponge is cleaned, carrying out carbonization, carrying out natural cooling to the room temperature, and smashing to obtain loofah sponge powder; carrying out purification processing on the foamed nickel; weighing the loofah sponge powder and sodium carbonate powder, after grinding is carried out, dripping polyethylene glycol 400, stirring the mixture into a slurry form, and coating the foamed nickel subjected to purification processing with the slurry to obtain an intermediate product; and puttingthe intermediate product in a high-temperature tube furnace, introducing pure nitrogen, carrying out calcination, after the intermediate product is cooled to the room temperature, carrying out repeated dipping by distilled water until the pH (Potential of Hydrogen) of the solution is neutral, and drying to obtain the three-dimensional graphene / foamed nickel composite material. The invention provides a preparation method for novel biomass three-dimensional porous graphene. The method has the advantages of wide loofah sponge raw material source, low price, simple preparation process technology, environment protection, wide industrial prospect and huge social and economic benefit.

The invention discloses a nano fireproof decorative board and a manufacturing method thereof. The panel comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of diatomite, 1-3 parts of water glass, 0.1-1 part of nano silicon dioxide, 0.1-1 part of zinc oxide, 5-15 parts of titanium dioxide powder, 10-30 parts of magnesium chloride, 10-30 parts of magnesium oxide and 2-4 parts of modifier. The nano silicon dioxide has the characteristics of high adsorbability, fire resistance, heat insulation and high temperature resistance. The diatomite powder has the characteristics of unique pore structure, light weight, large porosity and high adsorbability. The nano titanium dioxide powder has the characteristics of ultraviolet resistance, bacterial resistance, sterilization and aging resistance. The zinc oxide has the special functions of high strength, high gloss, high wear resistance and aging resistance. By combining various functional materials, the fireproof decorative board is completely incombustible, fireproof, moistureproof, nontoxic and bactericidal, is capable of expelling cockroaches and ants, can be recovered and regenerated, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and can greatly optimize the properties of the existing fireproof decorative board.

The invention relates to an acidic-basic solid catalyst, preparation and application of the acidic-basic solid catalyst in production of biodiesel. The acidic-basic solid catalyst is HNTs-La / Ca, and apreparation method comprises a following step: taking halloysite, lanthanum nitrate and calcium nitrate as raw materials; the prepared catalyst is high in catalytic reaction yield, and the yield of biodiesel can be increased; the catalyst has acid-base bipolar sites, has good acid resistance, and has low requirements on the quality of raw oil; the catalyst is high in activity and reaction stability; the mechanical strength of the catalyst is increased, and recycling is more convenient.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite material for a polyurethane water-based coating. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing hydrophilic nano graphene;mixing dehydrated polypropylene glycol, dehydrated 2, 2-dihydroxymethyl propionic acid, dehydrated carboxyl polycaprolactone glycol, hydrophilic nano graphene and a catalyst, and adding dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate under the protection of nitrogen to react to obtain a polyurethane prepolymer; and mixing the polyurethane prepolymer, a chain extender and acetone, adding 2, 4, 6-trihydroxybenzoicacid for a reaction, adding benzamide for a neutralization reaction to obtain a composite material for the polyurethane water-based paint. The coating is good in hydrophilicity, the defects of traditional waterborne polyurethane coatings in the aspects of thermal stability and adsorption performance are overcome; in addition, the coating still keeps stable and has no sedimentation phenomenon after being placed for a long time, the storage performance is excellent, the coating film quality is high, and the mechanical property is excellent.

The invention discloses a nano wood-imitating floor and a manufacturing method thereof. The floor comprises, by weight, 2-6 parts of diatomite, 1-3 parts of nano silicon dioxide, 0.1-1 part of zirconia, 0.1-1 part of zinc oxide, 5-15 parts of titanium dioxide powder, 0.1-1 part of silver oxide, 10-30 parts of magnesium chloride, 10-30 parts of magnesium oxide and 2-4 parts of modifiers. By combining the functional materials, the functions of environment friendliness, attractive appearance, sterilizing, mosquito repelling, cockroach repelling, ant repelling, fire preventing, damp preventing, weather resistance, no deformation, no formaldehyde, recovery-reuse and no pollution of the wood-imitating floor are achieved, the performance of an existing wood-imitating floor can be optimized greatly, and profound historical significance and market value are achieved. The manufacturing method of the wood-imitating floor is simple in technology process, low in equipment requirement and high in operability and can be applied and popularized widely.

The invention provides a method for preparing a porous silicon / carbon composite material by using diatomite as a raw material. It is characterized by using diatomite as raw material, through simple purification and purification treatment, and then adopting the method of metal thermal reduction to obtain silicon with a porous structure, and then through mechanical ball milling with carbon materials and / or carbon precursors, hydrothermal carbonization, Pyrolytic carbonization, or chemical vapor deposition methods have produced porous silicon / carbon composites. The composite material can be directly used for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery, and can also be mixed with other negative electrode materials and used as the negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery. Compared with pure silicon material as the anode material of lithium-ion batteries, the material has greatly improved the reversible capacity and cycle stability for the first time. The invention uses cheap and easy-to-obtain natural minerals as raw materials, and has low cost and simple preparation method.

The invention belongs to the field of photocatalytic materials, and particularly relates to a double-doped lanthanum fluoride / attapulgite upconverting composite photocatalytic material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding La(NO3)3.6H2O, Tm(NO3)3.6H2O, Yb(NO3)3.5H2O, NH4F and hydrochloric acid-modified ATP into deionized water respectively for dissolving, magnetically stirring for 30min for fully mixing, and adjusting the pH value of a system to 4-5; then, transferring to a microwave hydrothermal kettle for a reaction, reacting for 1-2h at the set power of 400W and the set temperature of 160-200 DEG C, centrifuging a prepared sample, washing by using deionized water, then drying the sample, and grinding to obtain a ytterbium-doped and thulium-doped lanthanum fluoride / attapulgite upconverting composite photocatalytic material. The composite photocatalytic material is applied to simulation of photocatalytic gasolinedenitrification, and the denitrification rate can reach 85% after 3h light irradiation.

The invention belongs to the field of chemical new materials and particularly relates to alithium niobate type oxide / attapulgite non-linear optical composite photocatalytic material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method, LiNbO3 nano-particles with uniform particle sizes are grown on the surfaced of attapulgite in situ by virtue of a sol-gel method, and rich magnesium elements (Mg<2+>) in ATP are doped into LiNbO3 lattices through high-temperature calcination. The preparation method has the beneficial effects that on one hand, by introducing impurity energy level, the bandwidth is decreased, and the stimulation in a visible optical band can be realized, so that the optical response range is increased, and the utilization rate of sunlight is increased; on the other hand, ATP serving as a catalyst carrier has a good dispersion effect, so that the contact surface of the sunlight is increased; besides, ATP has a relatively large specific surface area and a specific pore structure, is capable of exerting specific adsorptive performance and adsorbing partial nitrogen in a photocatalytic nitrogen fixation process and is cooperated withLiNbO3, so that the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation efficiency is improved.

A fluorofurfurlazole cooling polymer used as the catalyst for preparing pyrocatechol by the hydroxylation reaction between phenol and H2O2 with high selectivity is prepared from fluorofurfurylazole and the chloride of transition metal through self assembling and culturing.