The invention discloses a multi-element long-effect tree special fertilizer, which comprises a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is prepared from urea, monoammoniumphosphate, potassium chloride, decomposed straw, humic acid, weathered coal, a composite microbial agent, potassium feldspar ore powder, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, a crude extract of Grifola frondosa mycelium, modified nano-silica, water-soluble chitosan and polyglutamic acid according to a certain weight ratio; and the foliar fertilizer is prepared from the urea, ferrous sulfate, ammoniummolybdate, glucoheptonic acid, sodium polyaspartate, citric acid, borax, zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate according to a certain weight ratio. The multi-element long-effect tree special fertilizercontains inorganic nutrients and a large number of beneficial microbial nutrients, can significantly improve the quality of fruits, significantly improves the fruit setting rate, increases the yield,and reduces the occurrence of pests and diseases.