25 results about "SORBITOL MONOOLEATE" patented technology

Pharmaceutical aerosol formulations containing pre-micronized albuterol sulfate, high amount of green propellant trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E)), and a surfactant (polysorbate 80 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate), polysorbate 20 (polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate), polyethylene glycol 1000, span 85 (sorbitan trioleate), polyvinylpyrrolidone K25, or their combination) in a pressurized metered dose inhaler are described. The formulations do not use any co-solvent, i.e., they are co-solvent-free (e.g., free of ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, and a combination thereof). The formulations provide highly efficient delivery, through metered dose inhaler (MDI), of pre-micronized albuterol particles into the patients' respiratory tracts and have the advantages of high efficacy, improved safety, and a low global warming potential (GWP) for environmental impact.

The invention discloses a botanical formula of a gerbera jamesonii thrip repellent and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of botanical pesticides. The formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of tea saponin, 30-35 parts of cynanchum komarovii, 15-20 parts of rangooncreeper fruit, 5-8 parts of menthol, 3-5 parts of wormwood extract, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, ethylene glycol, citric acid or sodium hydroxide and the balance of deionized water, and the proportion of each core component in the optimal formula is accurately optimized. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, slow fire decoction and filtration, concentration, compounding and emulsification, canning and storage and the like, and key process parameters are optimized to guarantee the extraction rate of effective components and product stability. Through the synergistic effect of multiple components, the thrip repellent rate reaches 95.3%-97.8%, the thrip repellent has a remarkable repellent effect on trialeurodes vaporariorum and red spiders, the lasting period is prolonged to 14-18 days, and the thrip repellent is suitable for various flowers and planting scenes.

The invention relates to the technical field of material science, and discloses a salt spray resistant antirust agent, which comprises the following raw materials by mass: 10-30% of barium petroleum sulfonate; 5%-15% of petroleum sodium sulfonate; 3%-10% of dodecenylsuccinic acid; 8%-20% of barium dinonyl sulfonate; 5%-12% of petroleum magnesium sulfonate; 0.5%-3% of benzotriazole; 2%-8% of N sarcosine ammonium salt amide; 3%-10% of sorbitol monooleate; broad-spectrum protection of ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal is achieved through the synergistic interaction effect of a petroleum sulfonate compound system and benzotriazole, barium petroleum sulfonate, sodium petroleum sulfonate and magnesium petroleum sulfonate are combined with the metal site passivation function of benzotriazole, a complementary protection mechanism is formed, and the metal site passivation function of the benzotriazole and the metal site passivation function of the benzotriazole are combined. The anti-rust agent can block chloride ion erosion through a compact adsorption film in a salt mist environment, can directionally inhibit oxidation corrosion of copper alloy, and reduces the corrosion area of steel and copper pieces, so that the technical bottleneck that a traditional anti-rust agent is effective only for single metal is broken through.

According to various embodiments, a glove is provided with improved hydration characteristics and low dermatitis potential. The glove comprises a substrate and a polymer system that coats a surface of the substrate. The polymer system comprises: a polyol, a botanical extract, an emollient agent, a silicone copolymer dispersion, a lubricant, and a surfactant. The substrate may be free of sulphur and accelerators. An example formulation of the polymer system may comprise glycerol, Aloe vera, a carnauba wax dispersion, dimethicone, a polyalkylene glycol (PAG), and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate. The polymer system may be applied to the\surface of the substrate by dipping the surface into a water-based dispersion of the polymer system, or spraying the water-based dispersion onto the interior surface. The polymer system may be blended into water at a total solids content of 0.8% to 1.2% w / w to form the water-based dispersion.

The invention discloses a sintering slurry, a diffusion layer and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of capacitor electrode slurry, the sintering slurry comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-68 parts of silver powder, 23-30 parts of an organic carrier and 6-10 parts of an inorganic additive; the organic carrier is prepared from polymethyl methacrylate, monomer resin, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, medium-chain unsaturated fatty acid, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate; the inorganic additive comprises nano barium titanate and cerium oxide. According to the invention, the sintering slurry is directionally diffused under the action of gravity in the sintering process to form an internal net-shaped shielding structure, so that the purposes of reducing the manufacturing precision requirement of the ultra-wideband capacitor, improving the pressure resistance, reducing the metal migration risk and improving the design freedom degree are achieved.

This invention relates to ophthalmic compositions comprising troxerutin and a surfactant selected from polyoxyethylene 35 castor oil, polyoxyethylene 40 hydrogenated castor oil, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate, and mixtures thereof, wherein the weight ratio of troxerutin to the surfactant is from 0.02:1 to 100:1, wherein the surfactant is present in an amount of up to 7% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and wherein the composition is in the form of a solution, suspension, or gel. The invention also relates to the compositions for treating dry eye disease.

The invention provides a bentonite cat litter deodorizing and dust-reducing agent as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The bentonite cat litter deodorizing and dust-reducing agent comprises an oleic acid emulsion and / or a linoleic acid emulsion, the oleic acid emulsion comprises a mixed emulsifier, an oil phase and water, and the mixed emulsifier comprises polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate and potassium oleate; the oil phase comprises oleic acid and undecanol; the linoleic acid emulsion comprises a mixed emulsifier and an oil phase, and the mixed emulsifier comprises polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and potassium oleate; the oil phase comprises linoleic acid and undecanol. The bentonite cat litter deodorizing and dust-reducing agent has the advantages of fast water absorption, large water absorption and the like of the bentonite cat litter, and successfully overcomes the defects of poor deodorizing capability and large dust of the bentonite cat litter, so that the performance of the bentonite cat litter product is more perfect, and the bentonite cat litter deodorizing and dust-reducing agent has an extremely good application prospect.

The invention discloses a high-flux anti-pollution polyvinylidene fluoride hybrid ultrafiltration membrane, a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: using potassium hydroxide and ethanol as raw materials to prepare an alkaline solution, adding polyvinylidene fluoride, a first catalyst and the alkaline solution into a reaction container, stirring evenly to form a mixed solution for reaction, and then washing and drying to obtain alkali-treated defluorinated polyvinylidene fluoride; dissolving ethylenediamine in distilled water, adding graphene, a coagulant and a coupling agent, stirring evenly to form a mixed solution, heating in a water bath, and then washing and drying to obtain aminated graphene oxide; a chemical grafting method comprises the following steps: adding defluorinated polyvinylidene fluoride, aminated graphene oxide particles and a second catalyst into a methanol solvent for reaction, and then washing and drying; adding alkali-treated polyvinylidene fluoride aminated graphene oxide powder, polyethylene glycol, methyl pyrrolidone and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate into a three-necked flask, heating in a water bath to obtain a membrane casting solution; and performing degassing treatment to obtain the ultrafiltration membrane.

The application relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and discloses a chitosan-grafted polyacrylic acid slow-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The chitosan-grafted polyacrylic acid slow-release fertilizer is obtained by spray drying of a nutrient solution, a carrier dispersion liquid and a calcium chloride aqueous solution; the nutrient solution is obtained by mixing urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, iron sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, amino acid and deionized water; the carrier dispersion liquid is obtained by mixing a porous carrier, deionized water and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate; the porous carrier is prepared from sulfonated chitosan powder, deionized water, an acrylic acid neutralizing solution, ammonium persulfate and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide; and the sulfonated chitosan powder is prepared from formamide, chlorosulfonic acid and chitosan powder. The application can reduce the release rate of nutrients and improve the utilization rate of nutrients.

The invention discloses a wood water-based light-aging-resistant coating and a preparation method and application thereof, and the wood water-based light-aging-resistant coating comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-75 parts of polyurethane acrylic resin, 0.5-2.5 parts of benzotriazole, 0.5-2.5 parts of sebacic acid bis (1, 2, 2, 6, 7-tetramethyl-1, 3-pentanedione), 0.5-1.5 parts of a curing agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of a curing agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of a curing agent, 0.5-1.5 The paint is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 to 1.5 parts of 2, 2, 6, 6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine) ester, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of cyclohexane, 0 to 1.5 parts of matting powder, 0 to 1.5 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, and 0 to 1.5 parts of sorbitan palmitate; 0-3 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol and 10-80 parts of purified water. The wood water-based photoaging-resistant coating prepared by the invention can effectively improve the outdoor photoaging resistance of wood, and meanwhile, aggregation of organic phase microparticles can be prevented in the preparation process, so that a stable emulsion is obtained.

The invention relates to the technical field of grounding protection devices, and discloses a graphite-based flexible grounding device, which comprises a graphite-based flexible connecting wire and a graphite-based flexible grounding wire, and the graphite-based flexible connecting wire and the graphite-based flexible grounding wire are connected together through a connecting clamp. The graphite-based flexible connecting wire and the graphite-based flexible grounding wire are both made of a graphite-based flexible material, and the graphite-based flexible material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-95 parts of expanded graphite, 10-20 parts of glass fiber, 5-10 parts of a water-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, 5-8 parts of sorbitol monooleate, 6-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.5-2 parts of an antioxidant, 0.3-1.5 parts of an ultraviolet light absorber and 1-5 parts of an auxiliary substance; the auxiliary substance is used for improving the soil adaptability and comprises 2-5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1-3 parts of boric acid or 1-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate; the coating has the advantages of good corrosion resistance and weather resistance, long service life and stable and reliable performance.

The invention relates to a sodium acetate-containing hydrate inhibitor for guaranteeing the flow of a carbon dioxide conveying pipeline, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-60wt% of sodium acetate, 25-30wt% of methanol, 0.01-1wt% of poly (N-vinyl caprolactam), 0.01-1wt% of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and the balance of a sodium chloride solution serving as a solvent after mixing the sodium acetate, the methanol, the poly (N-vinyl caprolactam), the polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and the sodium chloride solution serving as the solvent. And 0.01 to 0.1 wt% of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The sodium acetate, the methanol, the poly (N-vinyl caprolactam) and the polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate are compounded for use, so that the effect of a single inhibitor is enhanced, the application range is wider, a better inhibition effect is achieved while the use concentration of the methanol is reduced, and the generation of the carbon dioxide hydrate can be better inhibited. The mixed use reduces the cost of the inhibitor, reduces the use amount of the mixture, and weakens the toxicity and pollution of the inhibitor.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a camellia-seed oil gel composite nanofiber mask, and relates to the technical field of camellia-seed oil.According to the method, camellia-seed oil and tea tree essential oil are mixed, and camellia-seed-based oil gel is prepared by adding camellia meal extract; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving gelatin, sodium dodecyl sulfate, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sorbitol monooleate polyoxyethylene ether, adding glacial acetic acid, adding traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide, dissolving and mixing to prepare an electrospinning solution, and obtaining a nanofiber membrane through an electrospinning process; and dispersing the nanofiber membrane in the camellia seed-based oil gel, and adding an anti-gelling agent to prepare the nanofiber mask. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide nanofibers from astragalus polysaccharide mixed protein, taking camellia-seed oil as base oil, and mixing the camellia-seed oil with tea tree essential oil to prepare camellia-seed oil-based oleogel; the camellia-seed oil-based composite traditional Chinese medicine oil gel wound healing mask is prepared by mixing and self-assembling the oil gel and the nanofiber membrane, so that the use of a chemical antibacterial agent is reduced, and the drug resistance of bacteria is relieved.

The invention discloses high-stability spot-coating needle cylinder solder paste and a preparation method thereof. The high-stability spot-coating needle cylinder solder paste is prepared from, by weight, 82.0%-88.0% of soldering tin powder, 3.5%-5.0% of hydrogenated rosin, 1.2%-2.0% of modified phenolic resin, 0.8%-1.5% of adipic acid, 0.5%-1.0% of diethylamine hydrobromide, 2.0%-3.5% of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, 0.6%-1.2% of hydrogenated castor oil, 0.3%-0.8% of polyamide wax, 0.3%-0.8% of 2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, 0.3%-0.8% of sodium hydroxide, 0.3%-0.8 the raw materials comprise, by weight, 0.1%-0.3% of 2, 6-butylated hydroxytoluene, 0.2%-0.5% of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, 0.3%-0.7% of fumed silica, 0.05%-0.15% of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt and 0.1%-0.3% of benzotriazole; through the synergistic effect of the soldering tin powder and the soldering flux, the spot coating performance of the needle cylinder solder paste is remarkably improved, tin output is stable in the continuous spot coating process, and the hole blocking rate is remarkably reduced. The antioxidant, the metal chelating agent and other components are added, oxidation and layering of the solder paste are effectively inhibited, the viscosity change rate is low after the solder paste is stored for 30 days, and the storage stability is greatly improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of circulating cooling water quality stabilization treatment, in particular to a special composite corrosion inhibitor for electrochemical circulating cooling water treatment and a preparation method thereof, the special composite corrosion inhibitor comprises the following components: petroleum sodium sulfonate compounds, sorbitan monooleate compounds, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether compounds, a copper corrosion inhibitor and deionized water; the content of the petroleum sodium sulfonate compound in the composite corrosion inhibitor is 15%-30%; the content of the sorbitan monooleate compound in the composite corrosion inhibitor is 10%-20%; the content of the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether compound in the composite corrosion inhibitor is 8%-15%; and the content of the copper corrosion inhibitor in the composite corrosion inhibitor is 1-3%. The efficient non-polar corrosion inhibitor which not only can effectively prevent electrode adsorption, but also has the advantage of low cost is extremely urgent so as to meet the dual requirements of industrial production on stable operation and economic cost control of an electrochemical circulating water system.

The invention relates to the technical field of fuels, and discloses a modified water-based clean fuel and a preparation method thereof, and the modified water-based clean fuel comprises 65-90% of methanol, 5-30% of 180 # heavy oil, 0.8-1.0% of sorbitan monooleate, 1.2-2.0% of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, 0.9-1.5% of a composite stabilizer and 0.1-0.2% of a combustion improver. Wherein the compound stabilizer is prepared by reacting oleic acid with diethylenetriamine and is used for forming a stable steric hindrance layer on an oil-alcohol interface; the combustion improver is a ferrocene derivative and is used for catalyzing complete combustion of heavy oil components. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the components to form an alcohol phase solution, and carrying out high-speed shearing emulsification and high-pressure homogenization treatment on the alcohol phase solution and preheated heavy oil. Through the synergistic effect of the specific stabilizer and the combustion improver, the problems that a high-proportion methanol and heavy oil mixed fuel is prone to layering and insufficient in combustion are solved, and the prepared fuel has the advantages of being excellent in storage stability, high in combustion efficiency and clean in emission.

The invention belongs to the field of stamping and drawing forming, particularly relates to easy-to-clean drawing oil and a preparation method thereof, and discloses the easy-to-clean drawing oil. The easy-to-clean drawing oil is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 10%-20% of 150SN base oil, 52.5%-60% of 150SN base oil, 1%-8% of trimethylolpropane oleate, 2%-5% of sorbitol monooleate, 2%-6% of polyisobutene 1300, 1%-5% of polysorbate 80, 0.5%-2% of polyisobutene 2400, 1%-4% of sulfurized methyl ester and 3%-7% of sulfurized lard. 0.2%-2% of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol and 4%-8% of triglyceride sulfide. The easy-to-clean drawing oil also has good lubricity in a harsh stamping and drawing process, is easy to clean, and can effectively guarantee the service life of a die, the dimensional precision of a workpiece, the surface roughness and the smoothness.

The application relates to the technical field of textiles, and discloses a fabric with moisture absorption, quick drying and antibacterial functions and a preparation method thereof. The fabric is obtained by impregnating a pure cotton fabric with a finishing working solution. The finishing working solution is obtained by mixing a finishing agent, a citric acid crosslinking agent, sodium hypophosphite, a fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and deionized water. The finishing agent is prepared from hyperbranched polyamide, deionized water, 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, a cellulose nanowhisker aqueous solution, sorbitan monooleate polyoxyethylene ether and a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The hyperbranched polyamide is prepared from anhydrous methanol, ethylenediamine and methyl acrylate. The application has good antibacterial property and quick drying property.

The invention discloses a blending method for adjusting skin disease plaster according to humidity, and belongs to the technical field of plaster compositions.The method comprises the steps that under the preset temperature and humidity, polyethylene glycol is added into a mixture containing multiple matrixes in batches, a pre-prepared mixture of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and carbomer is added in three times, and the mixture is stirred to be uniform; performing variable-speed stirring to a transparent gel state; and slowly adding a mixture of polysorbate and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate which are heated to a preset temperature into the colloidal mixture under the condition of controlling the temperature difference, and adding a trehalose aqueous solution for stirring to obtain the target paste. Through the scheme of the invention, the expansion degree fluctuation of the paste with different humidity can be reduced, and the stability is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and discloses a pH response type slow-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.The pH response type slow-release fertilizer comprises urea particles, a primary anchoring layer and a coating layer, the primary anchoring layer is obtained by spraying a sodium alginate aqueous solution on the surfaces of the urea particles, and the coating layer is obtained by spraying a solution A and a solution B on the surface of the primary anchoring layer; the solution A is obtained by mixing compound powder, sodium alginate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate and deionized water; the solution B is obtained by mixing borax decahydrate and deionized water; the compound powder is prepared from amorphous starch powder, deionized water, potassium humate, p-toluenesulfonic acid and a citric acid aqueous solution; the amorphous starch powder is prepared from corn starch and an ethanol water solution. The fertilizer provided by the invention can change the crosslinking density through hydrolysis of boric acid ester bonds when a rhizosphere microenvironment is converted from neutral to weak acid, so that the nutrient release rate is adjusted.

The invention relates to the technical field of polyurethane materials, in particular to a light polyurethane shoe material for sports shoes and a preparation process thereof, and the light polyurethane shoe material comprises the following components: 40-60 parts by weight of polyether polyol, 20-40 parts by weight of hexamethylene diisocyanate, 20-40 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide, 1-5 parts by weight of a coupling agent, 1-5 parts by weight of an antioxidant, 1-5 parts The invention relates to a flame-retardant and flame-retardant material which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 parts of N, N-dimethyl cyclohexylamine, 5-15 parts of modified p-toluenesulfonhydrazide microcapsules, 1-3 parts of a nucleating agent, 0.5-2 parts of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, 0.5-2 parts of phenyl salicylate and 0.5-2 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aryl halide can improve the thermal decomposition temperature of p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, so that the p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide is not easy to decompose in advance under a high-temperature processing condition, and the foaming process can be accurately controlled. Due to the fact that the fatty acid can reduce the surface tension of the system, gas can form tiny bubble nucleuses in the system more easily, the number of bubble nucleation sites is increased, a more fine and uniform bubble structure can be generated, and the buffering performance and the overall quality of the shoe material are improved.

The application relates to a sodium acetate hydrate inhibitor containing sodium acetate for carbon dioxide conveying pipeline flow guarantee, which comprises sodium acetate, methanol, poly (N-vinyl caprolactam), polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, and the mass percentage concentration of the four after being mixed with a sodium chloride solution as a solvent is as follows: sodium acetate 50-60 wt%, methanol 25-30 wt%, poly (N-vinyl caprolactam) 0.01-1 wt%, and polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate 0.01-0.1 wt%. In the application, the composite use of sodium acetate, methanol, poly (N-vinyl caprolactam) and polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate enhances the effect of a single inhibitor, the use range is more extensive, a better inhibiting effect is achieved while the methanol use concentration is reduced, carbon dioxide hydrate generation can be better inhibited, the inhibitor cost is reduced by mixed use, the amount of the mixture is reduced, and the toxicity and pollution of the inhibitor are weakened.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemistry and chemical engineering, and discloses a multifunctional emulsifying complexing agent which is prepared by the following preparation steps: selecting fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether MO3-B, sorbitol monooleate, refined petroleum sodium sulfonate, NP-7 alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, NP-10 alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, dicyclohexylamine, NN-methylene dimorpholine and palmitoyl alcohol amide as raw materials; refining the petroleum sodium sulfonate, respectively drying or grinding the rest raw materials, pretreating the raw materials, adding all the raw materials into a reaction kettle according to a formula proportion, mixing, stirring, heating until solids are completely dissolved to form uniform liquid, and cooling the mixture to room temperature by adopting a water bath cooling mode to obtain the finished product. When the temperature is reduced to 40 DEG C or below, a homogenizer is used for homogenizing treatment so as to refine particles and improve dispersity and stability, finally impurities are removed through a filtering device, the emulsifying complexing agent with efficient emulsifying stability and high environmental adaptability is obtained, sterile packaging is conducted, and the product quality and performance are ensured.

The present application relates to the technical field of contaminated soil remediation, and discloses a composite material for halogenated hydrocarbon-heavy metal contaminated site remediation, a preparation method and application thereof.The method comprises emulsifying plant oil, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monooleate, sludge supernatant, nano zero-valent iron loaded on biochar and water in a mass ratio of 1:0.1-0.3:0.1-0.3:1-2:0.7-2:15-30 to obtain the composite material.The composite material prepared by the method can prevent the agglomeration of nano zero-valent iron particles loaded on biochar, and the composite material can simultaneously use adsorption, biology, chemistry and electrochemistry for halogenated hydrocarbon-heavy metal contaminated site remediation, thereby achieving the effect of efficiently removing heavy metals and halogenated hydrocarbons.

The present invention relates to a solid composition comprising microparticles of a diarylquinoline, such as TBAJ-876, dispersed within a matrix comprising one or more excipients, the one or more excipients selected from: docusate sodium (AOT), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC), lactose, mannitol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), poloxomers, polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene glycol (PVA-PEG) graft copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidones (PVP), sodium deoxycholate (NDC), sucrose, and combinations thereof.