The invention relates to a device and a method for producing regenerative electrolyte from aluminum-electrolysis carbon residues. The device comprises a sorting platform, a carbon residue stock bin, a crushing device, a first magnetic separation device, a ball milling device, a flotation tank, a second magnetic separation device, a sedimentation basin, a feeding device, a drying device, a third magnetic separation device, an intermediate frequency furnace, a dust-removal device and a chimney, which are sequentially connected with one another, wherein a carbon powder tank, a filter-press device and a carbon powder bin are further sequentially connected to the flotation tank, and a regenerative electrolyte bin is connected to the intermediate frequency furnace. The method comprises the following steps: (a) raw material sorting, (b) carbon residue crushing, (c) ball-milling, (d) flotation, (e) drying, (f) regenerative electrolyte refining, and (g) tail gas treatment. The method has the beneficial effects that the carbon residues are sorted to be a utilizable value resource, and basically no industrial waste residue is generated; the process is simple, the processing cost is low, the industrialized application is easily realized, the production water supply is completely recycled in the whole process, no polluted gas is discharged, and the method is a brand new method for processing and comprehensively utilizing the carbon residues and has a high promotional value.