The invention discloses a preparation method of a
biomass hard carbon negative
electrode material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out primary
carbonization on a
biomass material, sequentially introducing a
phosphorus element, a
boron element and a
copper element, carrying out secondary
carbonization on a modified hard carbon
raw material, and introducing carbonyl to obtain the hard carbon negative
electrode material. Preliminary carbonized
powder,
boric acid and
phosphoric acid are added into a reaction kettle together for a low-temperature graphitization reaction,
phosphorus and
boron are introduced for a hard carbon
raw material, the
phosphorus can widen the spacing of a
graphite layer, the
boron can catalyze rearrangement of a graphitized
carbon layer, then the hard carbon
raw material and organic
copper salt are mixed and ground in cooperation, secondary
carbonization is conducted, and the hard carbon material is obtained. By introducing the
copper element, graphitization of the product can be promoted, and meanwhile, copper atoms can also improve the
conductivity; and
glyoxylic acid is added to introduce carbonyl into the product, and the carbonyl can preferentially catalyze
decomposition of the inorganic salt, so that
decomposition of an
organic solvent is inhibited, and then a uniformly distributed inorganic salt-rich SEI film is formed.