The invention discloses a heat-proof insect preventing modified polyurethane thermal insulation composite board which comprises a gypsum board layer, a thermal insulation board layer and a cement board layer sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the thermal insulation board layer is prepared from the following raw materials: modified polyurethane, a styrene-acrylic emulsion, acrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, organic silicon resin, microlite, light calcium carbonate, kieselguhr, chlorinated paraffin, talc powder, zeolite, titanium dioxide, talc powder, cellulose powder, magnesium oxide, nano calcium carbonate, mica powder, glass fiber, carbon cellulose, quicklime, quartz sand, active carbon, sodium dichloroisocyanurat, potassium sodium tartrate, fumaric acid, glutamine, inulin, borneol, trioctyl acetylcitrate, petroleum sodium sulfonate, sodium lauroyl glutamate, silicone oil, styrene, methyl triethoxy silane, a thickening agent, a silane coupling agent and a foaming agent. The heat-proof insect preventing modified polyurethane thermal insulation composite board disclosed by the invention has excellent heat resistance and insect preventing property.